Medical Terminology Where did medical terminology come from? - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Medical TerminologySlide2

Where did medical terminology come from?

Most come from Greek or Latin

As medicine advanced, more modern terms have come from German, French and English

Generally medical terms for determining illness or describing surgery have Greek origins.

Terms for parts of the body generally have Latin roots.Slide3

Sample Medical Record

Mrs

Gravelle

is an 80 year old female with deteriorating general health. She suffers with the following chronic conditions:

blepharitis

, which occludes her vision at time;

angiocele

of coronary vessels causing a tachycardia between 120-130. frequent episodes of

epistaxis

. Current complaints include SOB and congestion of the sinus and chest area. Bilateral

rales

are present,

nares

are inflamed with profuse

rhinorrhea

. Rx is BR, antibiotics

QiD

, 240 cc of

cl

liq

Q1hr. Decongestant Q4h and PRN.Slide4

Pronounciation

of medical terms

ch

is sometimes pronounced like a

k

Examples: chemoreceptor, chronic

ps

is pronounced like

s

Examples: psychiatry, psychology

pn

is pronounced with only the

n

sound Examples: pneumonia,

pneumogastric

c

and

g

are given the soft sound of

s

and

j

respectively Examples: cell, cilia, genetics,

Giardia

ae

and

oe

are pronounced

ee

Examples: fasciae,

coelom

i

at the end of a word is pronounced

eye

(to form a plural) Examples: alveoli,

glomeruli

es

when forming the final letters of a word, is often pronounced as a separate syllable Example:

nares

(

nah’reez

)Slide5

Medical Word Parts

Prefix

: Beginning part of a word preceding the word root.

Example:

peri

-

Root

: Central part and determines the meaning of a word.

Example:

cardi

-

Suffix

: Last part of the word that changes its meaning.

Example: -

itis

Combining

A root with an added vowel for easier pronunciation.

Form

Example:

rhin

/oSlide6

Common Abbreviations

Cath. NPO am, AM

B/P bid

fx

hs

IV lab

Spec. Hyper ROM

CPR

po

w/c

Pc

qhs

qid

, QID

q Pt, pt amt.

Q2h I & O dc

qod

, QOD post CASlide7

Abbreviations (continued)

ss

c OPD

pm, PM

postop

bm

, BM

BR,

br

O2 CBC

ax stat s

c/o wt

dx

ht cc

amb

liq. BRP H2O

OOB,

oob

noct

,

noc

.Slide8

Examples

Please write the following situation out in whole words/no abbreviations:

58 y/o male c/o SOB and fever. Upon arrival to ED his VS are as follows: T 102.3 P 115 R 30 BP 102/60 and

and

O2 at 85%. Pt. w/

hx

of COPD, URI, Lung CA, CHF and DM. Orders are as follows: stat CXR, stat CBC,

adm

O2 at 2l/min and start IV of D5NS @ 125ml/h. Admit to med unit, DM diet, VS Q4h, BR w/BRPSlide9

Examples

Write the following sentences in abbreviated format:

20

milliequivalent

of potassium chloride by mouth four times a day before meals.

Temperature, pulse and respirations every 6hours

Eight ounces of magnesium citrate every four hours until BM

Complete

bedrest

until blood pressure less than 145 three times

Admit to Coronary Care Unit, electrocardiogram

immedately

, blood work to be done: complete blood count, blood/urea/nitrogen; vital signs every four hoursSlide10

Prefixes

Syllable or word placed at the beginning tells the how, why, where, when, how much, how many, direction, time.

Examples:

Pre means before

Tachy

means fastSlide11

Prefixes Continued

Brady means slow

Hemi means half

These are just a few examples. These prefixes combined with root words and suffixes make up terms that describe human anatomy, organ systems, clinical and diagnostic imaging, lab testing, together with clinical procedures, surgeries and diagnoses.Slide12

Word Roots

Definition: Main words or parts to which prefixes and suffixes can be added.

By learning basic prefixes, suffixes, and word roots, you will frequently be able to interpret the meaning of a word even when you have never before seen the word

In the example appendicitis, the word root is appendix. By adding the prefix pseudo, which means “false,” and the suffix

itis

, which means “inflammation,” the word becomes

pseudoappendicitis

. This is interpreted as a “false inflammation of the appendix.”Slide13

Word Roots Continued

When prefixes, suffixes, and/or word roots are joined together, vowels are frequently added. Common examples include

a, e, i,

ia

,

io

, o and u.

The vowels are not used if the word root or suffix begins with a vowel.

Example:

encephal

(o) means brain. When it is combined with

itis

, meaning inflammation of, the vowel is not used for encephalitis. When it is combined with

gram

, meaning tracing or record, the vowel “o” is added for encephalogram.Slide14

Word Roots Continued

Example:

hepat

(o) means liver. When it is combined with

itis

, the vowel is not used for hepatitis. When it is combined with

megaly

, meaning enlarged, the vowel “o” is added for hepatomegaly.

Other examples:

Peri

+

Cardi

/o +

Ectomy

=

Pericardiectomy

which is the surgical removal of a portion of the membrane surrounding the heart.Slide15

Word Roots Continued

Crani

+

otomy

= craniotomy

crani

means pertaining to the skull,

otomy

means cutting into. Craniotomy is surgical opening into the skull

Leuko

+

cyte

= leukocyte

leuko

means whit,

cyte

means cell. Leukocyte is a white cell

Para +

plegia

= paraplegia

para

means lower half of body,

plegia

means paralysis. Paraplegia is paralysis of the legs and lower body.Slide16

Suffixes

Defined as a syllable or word placed at the end of a word. The ending part of a word that modifies the meaning of the word.

Examples:

ology-

study of, science of;

Biology

lysis

-

destruction, dissolving of;

Autolysis

osis

-

condition, state, process

;

Osteoporosis

Slide17

Pulling it All Together

It is impossible to memorize all of the words of a medical dictionary that are used in health occupations.

By breaking these words into parts, however, it is sometimes possible to figure out their meanings.

In order to communicate effectively, health care workers must be familiar with common abbreviations

and terminology.Slide18

Bringing Root Words and Suffixes Together

Examples:

neuralgia

cardiomalacia

hysterectomy hepatomegaly

mammogram biologist

anemia carcinoma

carditis

rhinorrhea

t

hrombolysis necrosis

colostomy cardiomyopathy Slide19

Bringing Root Words and Suffixes together

Examples continued:

osteopenia

myospasm

thrombolysis Slide20

BellWork

for Monday 1/27

When you see the statement “What word

elements

are used to form common health care terms and abbreviations?” What do you think the term

elements

means? How would you explain it in terms

of medical use?Slide21

Bell Ringer

for Thursday

A patient has just had a thoracotomy. Where would you find a surgical wound on this patient?

Back

Lower leg

Neck

ChestSlide22

Bell Ringer for Thursday

Which of the following would be a normal complaint of a marathon runner?

Nephrosis

Myalgia

Hematuria

HydrocephalusSlide23

Bell Ringer for Friday

What is the most likely reason to perform a mastectomy?

Breast Cancer

Fracture

Hepatitis

Ligament StrainSlide24

Bell Ringer for Tuesday-Root Word

If a patient has had a cerebrovascular accident, what part of their body has been affected?Slide25

Bell Ringer for Friday-Prefixes

What do you think a patient with hypoglycemia is suffering from?Slide26

Bell Ringer for Tuesday-Root Word

If a patient has had a cerebrovascular accident, what part of their body has been affected?Slide27

Bell Ringer for Thursday-Abbrev.

Write following orders as abbreviations:

Immediate electrocardiogram, vital signs every 2 hours, 30 cubic centimeters of cough syrup by mouth as needed or whenever necessarySlide28

Questions

Joe has kidney stones, he should see a: gastroenterologist, pathologist, nephrologist or neurologist

What prefix means before: pre, semi, sub,

tachy

If a patient is turned q2h, how many times will the patient be turned during an 8hour shift? 2,4,8,16

What instrument would a doctor use to examine the urinary bladder?

Gastroscope

,

proctoscope

,

otoscope

or

cystoscope

What prefix means slow:

brady

, anti, bi,

dysSlide29

Questions Continued:

What health professional would use an

opthalmascope

? Dentist,

xray

technician, a foot doctor, an eye doctor

What prefix means half? Hemi, contra,

tachy

, contra

Maria has osteoporosis. She needs to see a doctor who specializes in the study of the : skin, bones, eyes or lungs.

Kate complained of upper abdominal pain immediately after eating spicy food. She most likely has: arteriosclerosis,

spelnomegaly

, gastritis or

nephrosisSlide30

Questions Continued

Physicians believe that Fatima may have septicemia. What would be tested to confirm the diagnosis: sputum, blood, urine, spinal fluid

Chris was hit by a baseball and needs a

rhinoplasty

. He was hit in the: stomach, chest, face, pelvis

What root word means ear:

chem

,

erythro

,

neuro

,

oto

What suffix means removal of:

algia

,

ectomy

, ology, stasis

Which of the following is symptom of pericarditis: bloody urine, chest pain, difficulty swallowing or headache