S ami terminology work - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

S

ami

terminology work

developing Sami terminology across borders

Slide2

The role of the Sami Parliament in Norway

The Sami Parliament in Norway is the Sami’s elected governing body, elected by and among the Sami population

The Sami Parliament in Norway plays an important role in helping the Norwegian government ensure that the Sami can safeguard and develop their language, culture and way of life

Slide3

Why was the Sami Parliament in Norway established?

The Sami are a minority, indigenous population

To safeguard the future of the Sami language and cultureTo safeguard Sami interests and valuesTo safeguard Sami rights

Norway has obligations to its indigenous population under international law

The establishment of an elected body is an effective way of fulfilling such obligations

Slide4

Why was the Sami Parliament in Norway established?

The need for knowledge of Sami language and culture

Policy-makerTo enable the Sami to develop their own societyValue basisTo preserve traditions

To ensure that nature is looked after in line with Sami values

To ensure that the language and culture are passed on to future generations

Slide5

Establishment of Sami rights

1987 – The Sami Act

1988 – The Norwegian Constitution, §110a1989 – Opening of the Sami Parliament in Norway 1990 – ILO Convention no. 169

1992 – Language rules (the Sami Act)

1998 – Sami education (the Education Act)

2005 – The Finnmark Act

Slide6

Sámi

languages

The Sámi languages are today spoken in an area within four countries which form

Sápmi

, the Sámi territory.

Norway

Sweden

Finland

Russia

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Slide7

Sápmi

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Slide8

S

ámi

languagesThree main groups1. East S

ámi

-

Kola Peninsula

2. Central Sámi - Finland, Sweden and Norway

3. South Sámi – Norway and Sweden

Basic

vocabulary

Average

shared vocabulary is over

80% (

Swadesh

basic

list of 100 words)Most important lexical differences due to transition in meaning and recent loanwords

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Slide9

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South

sámi

Ume

sámi

Pite

sámi

Lule

sámi

North

sámi

Anar

sámi

Skolt sámiAkkala sámiKildin sámiTer sámi

Slide10

Sámi

languages – sub

groupsSkoltsami

,

akkalasami

,

kildinsami

and

tersami

arjeplogssámi

,

lulesámi

and

northsámi

south

sámi

and

ume

sámi11. oktober 2012 / Side 10

Slide11

North S

ámi

North sámi

approximately 15000-17000 speakers

9000-10000 speakers live in Norway

5000-6000 speakers in Sweden

2000 speakers in Finland

Areas with many speakers in the same town, majority

samis

The latest orthography that is in use is from 1979

Earliest

orthograhpy

from 1748

75% of speakers of

sámi

languages

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Slide12

South Sámi

500 and 1000

speakers divided into Norway and SwedenSpeakers/families dispersed over a big areaNo village/town with a big number of speakers

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Slide13

Ume sámi

No

numbers available at the

moment

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Slide14

Lules

ámi

500-1000 speakers divided into Sweden and Norway11. oktober 2012

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Slide15

Anarsámi

and

SkoltsámiAnarsami about 500 speakers in FinlandSkoltsami

about 500 speakers in Finland

Kola Peninsula in Russia there are 700 persons who speak

sami

20

ter

sami

speakers,

akkalasami

with less than 10 speakers and a variety that belongs to skoltsami, notozersami with about 25 speakers.The biggest sami language on the Kola Peninsula is kildinsami which have about 650 speakers.

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Slide16

Minority

languagesSubjected to cultural assimilation :

Influenced by the majority language in respective country

Grammatical elements

Lexical elements

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Slide17

 

Terminology development

In order to develop the Sami languages it is of utmost importance to conquer new language areas. To be able to use Sami languages at academic occasions academic terminology and academic terms in Sami languages are needed.

A big obstacle when using Sámi education materials from other countries is the difference in terminology.

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Slide18

Sami

language

has a rich derivational system

The

possibility

to

produce

word

derivationals

is

strongly contributing to the abundance of

word

forms in Sami,

here

is an

example

with som derivationals from the north sami verb lohkat ’to read or count':logastit ’to read or countlittle or quickly' lohkalit ’to read or

countquickly

'

logadit

’to be

reading

or

counting

'

logahit

’to make

someone

read

or

count

',

logahallat

’to make

several

people

to

read

or

count

'

lohkkojuvvot

’to be

read

or

counted

'

lohkagoahtit

’to start

reading

or

countnig

'

logaldallat

’to

give

a

lecture

'

Slide19

Rich

derivational system

Some

derivational

endings

enables

to make

produce

derivationals

that represent new word classes

, for

example

:

lohkki

’

reader' lohkan ’lecture or counting'logus ’reading, something to read' lohku ’amount, number, account' lohkamuš

’

something

to

read

or

count

'

logakeahttá

(i)

’

unread

,

uncounted

'

logahahtti

’

readable

,

countable

'

lohkalas

’

inclined

to

read

,

count

'

lohkameahttun

’

uncountable

,

unreadable

'

logaldallan

’

lecture

'

Slide20

Sámi

terminology

The sami language is heavily influenced by the majority language in the countries. Our languages are dependent of that we manage to cooperate across the country borders. A weak cooperation will result in that the sami

languages develop in different directions in the different countries and in the worst case scenario this will result in difficulties in understanding each other.

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Slide21

Normalisation

of wordsThe Sami parliament is responsible for normalization of Sami words and terms. The Sami parliament has produced the word database

www.risten.no

. The web based database was launched in 1998

.

In

addition the database

altso

contains a grammar page regarding

soutsami

,

julesami and nortsami grammar. It is possible to do searches in the database using Norwegian or sami . The word database contains sami terminology data bases,

sami

word lists and

sami

dictionaries in south-,

julev

- and north sami. It is a continuous work to update the database with additional databases, word lists and dictionaries.11. oktober 2012 / Side 21

Slide22

The Sami Language Council

Appointed by the Sami Parliament in Norway’s Executive Council

The Sami Parliament in Norway’s expert body on language-related matters

Slide23

Sami

language

CouncilIt is the Sami language board that approves of Sami terms. The sami language board coordinates terminology projects, also across the borders, in order to use the spare language resources wisely. Coordination and mapping of words is important in order to avoid confusion of the terminology. The different countries where Sámi is spoken can have different terminology for the same terms.

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Slide24

Terminology

work

The examiner in the sami parliaments terminology and place name team receives a terminologt list. From there an assessment is made if it is necessary to send the list to the

sami

language

council in

order to get approval. When the

sami

language board has examined the terminology list they send it in return to the

sami

parliament. Then it only remains to publish the terminology list.

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Slide25

Example

Åarjelsaemien

gïele

Nöörjen gïele

Svöörjen gïele

Synonyme

Baakoe-tjïerte

Baakoen

syjjehtimmie

Åerjelsaemien

jiehtegh

Daaroen jiehtegh

geysijre

geysir

gejser

substantiv

geysijre

,

geysijrasse

Islaante lea åehpies dålle-vaerijste jïh geysijrijstie.

Island er kjent for vulkaner og geysirer.

mearoe-straejmie

havstrøm

havsström

meara-straejmie, haave-straejmie, saelhtie-straejmie

sammensatt substantiv av mearoe + straejmie

mearoe-straejmie, mearoe-straajman

Akte strïhke leamas mearoe-straejmie feelpie mij Golfstrømmine gåhtjobe.

Det renner en kraftig varm havstrøm som vi kaller Golfstrømmen.

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Slide26

Risten 2

The

sami parliament has launched a project to improve the word data base and make it more user friendly, it will hopefully be finished within 2012.

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