C ategorize them as economic environmental equality consumerpublic interest or professionalgovernment Which types benefit nonmembers as well as members Bellringer Interest Groups Chapter 9 ID: 488800
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Make a list of all the interest groups you can think of and what they representCategorize them as: economic, environmental, equality, consumer/public interest, or professional/governmentWhich types benefit non-members, as well as members?
BellringerSlide2
Interest Groups
Chapter 9 Slide3
Today we will …Objectives
Agenda
Interest Groups
Explain the rise of interest groups.
Describe how interest groups influence public policy making.
Interest Groups – notes
Ch. 9 Reading Quiz
FRQ Review, if time
HW: Interest Groups assignment
Unit Test
MC Portion on Friday 11/21
FRQ portion on Tuesday 11/25Slide4
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning
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Fortune’s “Power 25”
The 10 Most Effective
Interest Groups Slide5
Copyright © 2009 Cengage Learning
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Some Other Important Interest Groups (That Didn’t Make the List)Slide6
An interest group is any organization that seeks to influence public opinion.
Many kinds of cleavage, many different interests
Constitution provides many “access points”
Weakness of political parties
Why do we have so many interest groups?Slide7
Broad economic development
Rise of industrialization led to increased need for unions & their interests
Government policy itself
Wars create Veterans. Collective Bargaining creates unions.
Emergence of strong leaders
Especially social movements focused on need for change & inspired by political and religious doctrine
Usually young people
Expanding role of government
More government activities = more interests that those actions will affect
1. Factors that account for the rise of interest groupsSlide8Slide9
Individuals or organizations representing other organizations
Business, Trade, Governmental Associations, Universities
Interest organizations
Less likely union - more likely religious, political, civic
Greater sense of political efficacy - civic duty
Institutional vs. Membership
Who actually lobbies?Slide10Slide11
Solidarity Incentives: happiness, status & companionship
http://
www.pta.org/
Material Incentives:
money, things, services
http://www.ilfb.org
/
Purposive
I
ncentives:
goal/purpose of the organization itself, passionRecruit members sometimes using fear & anger
May be deeply controversial/off the timesAlso, patronage can help to attract membersIncentives to Join: combating the “free rider” problemSlide12Slide13
Some members of an interest group may not care about many of the issues w/which the interest group gets involved.What the interest group does may reflect what the interest group staff wants rather than what the members it represents believe.
Staff influences the group’s policy agenda if solidarity or material benefits are more important to members than purposive goals.
Staff InfluenceSlide14
Check for understandingHow do institutional and membership interest groups differ?What are three incentives for joining an interest group?Slide15
3. Consumer & Public Interest Lobby
Group pursuing “common” policy interests
Benefits non-members
Purposive incentive to join
Single issue focused groups
Tend to be liberal?
PUBLIC CITIZEN
Research
and Lobbying
Litigations to advance the cause
Ralph NaderSlide16
4. Interest Groups & Social Movements
Environmental movement
Wilderness & wildlife conservation
Feminist movement
Suffrage – League of Women Voters
Equal Rights – NOW, NARAL
Enforcement
Union movement
AFL-CIO
What area is fastest growing now?Slide17
PoliticsSlide18
6. Activities of Interest GroupsInformationPublic Support
Earmarks
Money & PACs
The “Revolving Door”
Civil Disobedience
TroubleSlide19
Most important tacticDetailed, CURRENT- can build or destroy legislator/lobbyist relationshipMost effective on narrow and/or technical issues
P
olitical cues & rating systems
http://
www.adaction.org/pages/publications/voting-records/2013vrgraphics.php
Supplying groups with credible informationSlide20
“Friend of the Court”: Document filed by someone/ a group not directly related to the case to volunteer information that they deem to be worthy in deciding the case.APA
Amicus Curiae BriefSlide21
Outsider strategyGrassroots lobbyingWho is the key target?
Dirty Dozen
Public Support/ PressureSlide22
Promise of future job to officialsConflict of interest
The Revolving DoorSlide23
Disrupt the institution and force negotiationsEnlist the support of others, who will also press for negotiationsCreate martyrs to draw public concern and support
K Street protests: Occupy, Take Back The Capitol set to protest lobbyists | WJLA.com
TroubleSlide24
What are the 5 activities IG’s use to influence policy making?
Which do you think is most effective?
Which is least effective?
Check for UnderstandingSlide25
Chapter 9 Reading QuizSlide26
Closure
What is the fundamental goal of interest groups in the political process?
What is the fundamental goal of political parties?
How do interest groups support the goal of parties?Slide27
Tactics/Strategies
Legislative
Testifying
Contacting (Formally or Informally)
Drafting
Alerting to Impacts
Mobilizing Constituents
Contributing
Electioneering
Endorsing
Coalition-building
ExecutiveContactingInfluencing AppointmentsDrafting Rules/Regulations/GuidelinesServing on BoardsJudicialLitigation
Amicus curiae briefsGrassroots