PPT-Phylogenetics

101 Eddie Holmes Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics Department of Biology The Pennsylvania State University Fogarty International Center National Institutes of Health Modern Phylogenetics. Methods and applications. Divya. B.. PK. lab, . CES. , . IISc. Quantifying species diversity. Captures evolutionary history. Uses molecular data – DNA sequence. Workshop on Molecular Phylogenetics 2014, IISc. OUTGROUP SEQUENCES phylogenetics,sequences thatare known a priorito be moredistantly related to the othersequences in the analysis (theingroup sequences) than theingroup sequences are to eachother.COD Disease Epidemiology and Evolution . Jyotsana. Dixit. Praveen . Karanth. Lab. 2. Molecular Phylogenetics and Infectious diseases. Evaluation of pathways of transmission among several hosts and polarity of transmission events.. Spring . 2014. Outline. Why do we do phylogenetics (cladistics)?. How do we build a tree?. Do we believe the tree?. Applications of phylogenetics (cladistics). Why do we do phylogenetic analyses?. Evolutionary interpretation of relationships between organisms.. Xuhua Xia. xxia@uottawa.ca. http://dambe.bio.uottawa.ca. Slide . 2. Convergent Evolution. Placental mammals. Marsupials. Slide . 3. German Farmer:. Strong and Robust. The elder son of the. German Farmer:. “Inferring Phylogenies” . Joseph Felsenstein. Excellent reference. What is a phylogeny?. Different Representations. Cladogram - branching pattern only. Phylogram - branch lengths are estimated and drawn proportional to the amount of change along the branch. midwest. Nicholas LeBlanc, Lillian Garber, and Angela . Orshinsky. Department of Plant Pathology University of Minnesota, Twin Cities MN, USA. Motivation for studying tomato leaf mold in the Vegetable Pathology Lab . Tandy Warnow. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Orangutan. Gorilla. Chimpanzee. Human. From the Tree of the Life Website,. University of Arizona. Phylogeny. (evolutionary tree). DNA Sequence Evolution. Claire Bowern, . Yale University:. . claire.bowern@yale.edu. UC Berkeley, May, 2016. Today: Evolutionary approaches to language change. General discussion of ‘evolutionary’ modeling. What is phylogenetics?. Mark Ragan. Institute for Molecular Bioscience. and. . School of Information Technology & Electrical Engineering. The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. IPAM Workshop on Multiple Sequence Alignment. Dr. EP de Villiers. Adapted from: http://. viralzone.expasy.org. / . Tree basics. The . Concept of . Phylogenetic Tree. . Trees . Capture Major Events in a Species' Existence . A tree . is composed of Leaves, Branches, and Inner Nodes . Mayr - “the theory and practice of classifying organisms”. . . a. -Taxonomy – includes species descriptions, taxonomic keys, and diagnoses.. . b. -Taxonomy – includes identification of natural groups and biological classes.. Phylogenetics . Phylogenetics. is the study of evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.. Phylogenetic analysis . is the means of . inferring or estimating these relationships.. The result of phylogenetic studies is a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of taxonomic groups: their . Phylogenetics. is the study of the evolutionary history of living organisms using . treelike diagrams . to represent pedigrees of these organisms. .. The tree branching . patterns. representing . the evolutionary divergence are referred to as .