Chapter XXIV Participial Uses 2 Verbal Aspects Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive Participle Active Passive Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect ID: 385325
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Slide1
Salvete, discipuli!Chapter XXIV:Participial Uses 2Slide2
Verbal Aspects
Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive
Participle
Active Passive
Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect
1
st
2nd 3rd
Singular PluralSlide3
How many Participles are there?Now that we have learned to recognize and form participles in Latin, let’s begin to look at the basic syntactic uses of the participle:In Latin, there are FOUR participial functions in a sentence….Slide4
Participial FunctionsAttributiveCircumstantial
Absolute
PeriphrasticSlide5
Participial FunctionsAttributiveCircumstantial
Absolute
PeriphrasticSlide6
Absolute ParticiplesAbsolute Participles are an extension of Clausal Participles in as much as they can take objects and phrases.
They allow one to be able to have two separate subjects do two separate things in a sentence.Slide7
Absolute ParticiplesThey allow one to be able to have two separate subjects do two separate things in a sentence.
After
Rome
was seen, the
woman
rejoiced.
In this sentence there are TWO different subjects with TWO different verbs.
In English, the two clauses are separated by a comma.Slide8
Absolute ParticiplesHowever, in Latin there are no commas, so having two separate subjects doing two separate things would be difficult, as one could be confused over which subject (nominative) went with which verb.
Postea Roma visa est femina gaudebat.Slide9
Absolute ParticiplesTherefore, instead of commas, Latin puts the subordinate clause into what is called the
ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE.
After Rome was seen, the woman rejoiced.
An
ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE
is formed by putting the subject of the subordinate clause into the
ABLATIVE
and making its verb a PARTICIPLE in the ABLATIVE.Slide10
Absolute ParticiplesAn ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE
is formed by putting the subject of the subordinate clause into the
ABLATIVE
and making its verb a
PARTICIPLE
in the ABLATIVE.
With Rome having been seen,
the woman rejoiced.Romā visā, femina gaudebat.Slide11
Absolute ParticiplesWith Rome having been seen,
the woman rejoiced
.
Romā visā,
femina gaudebat.
With these things having been heard,
he began to fear.
Hīs rebus auditīs, coepit timēre.With him holding the power, I fear the outcome.Eō imperium tenente,
eventum timeō.Slide12
Absolute ParticiplesTo create a smoother translation into English, one can translate an Ablative Absolute in a variety of ways.
If the Absolute Participle is PRESENT, one can start the Ablative Absolute with the word “When” and make it a normal English clause:
Eō imperium tenente,
eventum timeō.
With him holding the power,
I fear the outcome.
WHEN
he holds the power, I fear the outcome.
,Slide13
Absolute ParticiplesTo create a smoother translation into English, one can translate an Ablative Absolute in a variety of ways.
If the Absolute Participle is PERFECT, one can start the Ablative Absolute with the word “After” and make it a normal English clause:
Hīs rebus auditīs,
coepit timēre.
With these things having been heard,
he began to fear.
After
these things were heard, he began to fear.,Slide14
Absolute ParticiplesTo create a smoother translation into English, one can translate an Ablative Absolute in a variety of ways.
The Ablative Absolute can also be translated by starting the clause with “Since” or “Although” if it makes better sense in the sentence.
Romā visā,
femina gaudebat.
Since
Rome was seen,
the woman rejoiced
.Although Rome was seen, the woman rejoiced.
,Slide15
PracticeCivibus
patriam
amantibus
, possumus
habēre
magnās spēs.Tyrannō
superatō
,
civēs
libertatem
et
iura
acceperunt
.
Multīs
hominibus
victīs
,
totam
urbem
tenēre
cupivist
ī
.Slide16
Classwork?pp. 158-9, #1-3, 6Slide17
Homework?HW 32