The Cold War and Civil Liberties - PowerPoint Presentation

The Cold War and Civil Liberties The Struggle to balance national security and civil rights Meg Gorzycki, Ed. D. San Francisco State University Center for Teaching and Faculty Development

Define Cold War Ideological contest between communism and capitalism, 1945-1991 Conflict between USA and USSR over which would influence development of other nationsSpace race and as example of competition between USA and USSR to dominate development of new technologyArms race to ensure military dominance

Seeds of Socialism: 19 th Century Industrial revolutionChild laborPoor wagesNo health careNo pensions Unregulated banking Unregulated manufacturing

Seeds of Socialism: 19 th Century Unions createdReforms demandedNew political theories including anarchism and socialism

Roots of Cold War: World War I Germany brutally defeats Russia on Eastern Front Espionage Act, 1917 amended many times to prosecute traitors, pacifists and socialists in US

Roots of Cold War: Vladimir Lenin Lenin led revolutionaries to overthrow the Czar Lenin taught Russians the war was a capitalist venture Lenin consolidated state control of the economy

Roots of Cold War: Joseph Stalin Stalin ruled the Soviet Union from 1927-1953 Conducted purges during 1930s Collectivized farms and proliferated industrialization

Roots of Cold War: Anti-Bolshevism Red scare 1920s and 30s Fear of labor unions Fear of immigrants Propaganda against socialism

Roots of Cold War: FBI &HUAC Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) fights labor unions J. Edgar Hoover (Director) 1924-1973. 1938 House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)

Roots of Cold War: World War II The United States and the Soviet Union were allies in World War II

Cold War: Soviet Victories Soviets take Berlin, 1945 Soviets consolidate control over Eastern Europe

Cold War: Containment 1947 National Security Act (CIA and National Security Council) Containment policy Marshall Plan Atomic proliferation NATO Loyalty oaths

Cold War: Blacklist 1946 Blacklisting begins in Hollywood Hollywood Ten called before HUAC1957 non-cooperation begins with CBSHUAC divides entertainment industry

Cold War: Target Writers and Artists Jane AdamsW.E.B. DuboisLillian HellmanRay BradburyAllen Ginsburg Charlie Chaplin James Baldwin Ernest Hemmingway Joseph Alsop Bertolt Brecht Pearl BuckTruman CapoteMargaret ChungPaul GoodmanRock HudsonJerome Robins Paul RobesonGore VidalTennessee WilliamsAndy WarholWalter WinchellT. S. ElliotEzra PoundUpton Sinclair James J oyce Marianne Moore Lorraine H ansberry Langston Hughes Leonard Bernstein Norma Mailer John Lennon Groucho Marx Christopher Isherwood Danny K aye Georgia O’Keefe

Cold War: Homophobia Gay men and women were thought especially dangerous to national security They were especially vulnerable to blackmail

Cold War: Propaganda God was on capitalism’s side Communism was the devil’s work Communists subverted the family

Cold War: Cinema

Cold War: Academia Cold War challenged limits of academic freedom Campuses became research centers for government projects including weapons development

Cold War: Civil Rights Movement Civil rights advocates frequently accused of being communist in order to discredit their demands and critique of American society

Cold War: Anti-War Movement Stereotype: “Peaceniks” are anti-American, lazy, ignorant, college kids, bums, and communists Reality: Opponents of the war include veterans, religious ministers, and working citizens of all ages and parties

Cold War: Challenged 1971, Daniel Ellsberg, veteran and Rand analyst disclosed secret files about U.S. agenda in Vietnam 1971, New York Times Co. v. United States: Supreme Court ruled Nixon could not impose prior restraint on newspapers carrying Pentagon papers

Cold War: Détente 1972-1979 Arms negotiations Cultural exchanges Complicated by wars in Vietnam and Middle East Soviet invasion Afghanistan, 1979

Cold War: Ends Mikhail Gorbachev Communist General Party Secretary, 1985-1991 Glastnost & Peristroika Strategic Defense Initiative End Breshnev Doctrine Berlin Wall 1989 End Afghan War, 1989 Dissolve USSR 1991

National Security: Since 9-11 Islamic fundamentalism as the new menace of the free world Sustained investment in weapons developmentPatriot Act restricts civil liberties

National Security State: Business Good Communists Bad Communists

Red-Baiting in 21 st Century What do these labels really mean?

Review and Discussion What was the Cold War’s impact on civil liberties? How did the state justify the restriction of liberty? What role did the media play in the conflict between national security and civil liberties? Why did some people support authorities who enforced strict national security laws and why did some not? What is the citizens obligation relative to national security? What are some things that complicate the citizen’s obligation to protect national security? In what ways are current American values and attitudes towards the world similar to the those of the Cold War, and what does this indicate about civil liberties?

References Craig, C. & Logevall, F. (2009). America’s cold war: The politics of insecurity. Cambridge, MA: The President and Fellows of Harvard College. Doherty, T. (2005). Cold War, cool medium: Television, McCarthyism and American Culture . New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Dudziak , M. L. (2000). Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the image of American democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton university press. Gaddis, J. L. (2006). The Cold War A new history. New York, NY: Penguin Books.Hoffman, D. E. (2009). The dead hand: The untold story of the cold war arms race and its dangerous legacy . New York, NY: Anchor books.Katzenstein, P.J. (Ed.) (1996). The culture of national security. New York, NY: Columbia Press. Kuznick, J. & Gilbert, J. (Eds.) (2001). Rethinking Cold War culture. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Books.McCumber , J. (2001). Time in the Ditch. American Philosophy and the McCarthy Era . Northwestern University Press. Painter, D. S. (1999). The Cold War: An international history . New York, NY: R outledge. Schrecker, E. (1986). No Ivory Tower . McCarthyism and the University . Oxford University Press. Seldes , G. (1940/2012). Witch hunt: The techniques and profits of red-baiting . CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Stouffer, S. A. (1955/2009). Communism, conformity and civil liberties: A cross section of the nation speaks it mind . New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Archival information about national security may be found at: http://www.archives.gov/research/ . They may also be located at the CIA website: https://www.cia.gov/index.html . De-classified material pertaining to the cold War may be found at http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/coldwar/documents/ . Film clip form documentary about Hollywood Ten (1950) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taancRcLQ8o . Anti-communist propaganda cartoon : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_DaMKUP3Og .