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Understanding Codes and Conventions of Factual Programming for Television Understanding Codes and Conventions of Factual Programming for Television

Understanding Codes and Conventions of Factual Programming for Television - PowerPoint Presentation

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Understanding Codes and Conventions of Factual Programming for Television - PPT Presentation

By Gregory Doherty Studio News Readers Field Reporters Links to studio Mode of address to viewer Interviewing Experts and witnesses Report structure Actuality footage News Often presenters ID: 632281

documentary news footage studio news documentary studio footage viewers subject audience watch reporters story formal presenters interesting reporter youtube

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Slide1

Understanding Codes and Conventions of Factual Programming for Television

By Gregory DohertySlide2

Studio News ReadersField Reporters

Links to studio

Mode of address to viewerInterviewingExperts and witnessesReport structureActuality footage

NewsSlide3

Often presenters are

mature

and are authoritative, particularly for news bulletins.For extended news bulletins, there would often be a male and a female presenter.They

speak in a formal

manner.They are most often seen to be sat at a desk in a studio and talking directly to the camera.Generally the presenters stay un-emotive as they want the news to stay balanced. Usually they like to end a long bulletin with a upbeat happy story. They are usually well groomed and smartly dressed

Studio NewsSlide4

Mature

Male Presenter

Younger

Female

Presenter

Both Well Groomed and Well DressedSlide5

For Variety and to maintain viewer interest Links

to studio are

used.Here presenters will bring in either a person in another location, whether its a reporter or someone in another studio. This is used to get other people’s opinions and to make it more interesting

.

Breaking news sections rely on field reporters to provide the most up to date information

Links

to studioSlide6

Reporters will typically be

on location i.e. if there is breaking news about changes in the NHS the reporter will be seen interviewing outside of a hospital.

Commonly they will be seen as not always

looking

directly to the camera, for instance they could be showing something or interviewing/following someone (the interviewee would then look at the reporter and not to the camera – as this looks unprofessional

).

News

reporters

avoid showing emotion or opinion by talking

in a formal

manner. However, sometimes sports reporters cant help themselves e.g. Olympic Coverage.Field Reporter/InterviewsSlide7

Mo Farah Winning Gold

http://

www.youtube.com

/

watch?v=Ksmcvv6wmX4Slide8

Connection with the audience

BBC news use the same familiar format everyday i.e.

A brief glimpse of what is coming up in the news.Newsreaders greet viewers at home and then present the news.

Following the main news headlines, Local news is then read in each region.

And then finally the weather report.Presenters dress formally, keep eye contact and take their role seriously.Because of the familiar format the audience knows the routine and then remembers every day what time the news is on.

Mode

of address to viewerSlide9

Often news channels invite experts to give their expertise on certain topics such as Global warming, Politics, natural disasters etc. Armed with this expert advice viewers have the option to follow or ignore advice.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3pGKKRjp7c

Similarly news channels invite witnesses to give their eye witness account on a subject of interest to the viewers

Experts

and WitnessesSlide10

The

inverted pyramid

is a common model for news structure. Going the opposite way you risk loosing the attention of your audience. Lead Story/Dramatic

Lesser News

Least important news Report

structureSlide11

Here is an example of actuality footage.

BBC news are constantly reporting news on war zones and they use actuality footage to intensify the impact of the news for the viewer and back up what they are discussing.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQexYfH_7_U

Actuality

footageSlide12

Documentary formatsExpository

Observational

InteractiveReflexivePerformativeRealismDramatisation

Narrativisation

DocumentarySlide13

There are several types of Documentary Formats

(1) Expository

An “expository” documentary can be used to expose a subject matter that viewers would find interesting and factual to watch.

(2) Observational

Is usually where the cameraman follows a person around to observe what happens to them. Viewers react positively with these type of documentaries because it is interesting just to watch what other people are doing in their lives

Documentary FormatsSlide14

(3) Interactive

Film makers interact with the subjects involved in the documentary by using materials such as news articles, footage and web information. And sometimes they use voice-overs.

This kind of documentary is fun and captivating for the audience.

(4) Reflexive

Frequently use re enactments and use techniques from fiction films adding dramatic music. They rely more on suggestion than fact.(5) PreFormativeHere the documentary maker and crew interacting with the subject they are filming. because the audience will be addressed in an emotional and direct way and will be given the option to chose how they feel about the subject.

Documentary FormatsSlide15

Realism in documentary contains actual film footage taken from a scene or event of the subject matter

This can be interviews with witnesses documented and recorded phone discussions and photos.

RealismSlide16

Here a producer will dramatize a story and spice it up to make it more watchable and interesting.

Dramatization frequently are reconstructions of an occasion or story

DramatizationSlide17

Narrativisation

is the division between fact and fiction

On the one hand, there are formal genres such as current affairs on the news.

On the other hand, there are the less formal genres such as entertainment oriented/light-hearted stories.

Narrativisation