PPT-Using DNA polymorphisms in plant breeding

How many genes determine important traits Where these genes are located How do the genes interact What is the role of the environment in the phenotype Molecular breeding Gene discovery characterization and selection using molecular tools. Insertion-deletion length polymorphism – INDEL. Single nucleotide polymorphism – SNP. Simple sequence repeat length polymorphism – mini- and micro-satellites . Labeled 3’ TGGCTAGCT 5’. Judy H. Cho, M.D. . Ward-Coleman Professor of Translational . Genetics and . Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. December 6th, 2014. Questions . What naturally occurring genetic polymorphisms are associated with IBD? . Plant Breeding 88the elimination of genotypes expressing strong inbreeding depression. Selection can be expected for traits caused by recessive deleterious genes that are associated with vegetative National Council of Farmer Cooperatives. . Government Affairs Committee. November. . 12. , . 2015. Jane DeMarchi. The Goals of Plant Breeders Remain the Same. Source: BDP. Genetic Variability: Fundamental to Plant Breeding. interventions towards fast-track development of . pigeonpea. hybrids. . Leveraging legumes to combat poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation. 1. ICRISAT-Patancheru, India, . 2. Millennium Genomics Inc., Shenzhen, China, . What we want to learn!. Summarize how transgenic organisms are engineered to benefit society.. Explain how transgenic organisms are used in agriculture, industry, and medicine.. Selective Breeding. For thousands of years, humans have selected plants and animals with certain qualities or desired traits.. DNA damage DNA gets damaged a lot ! DNA damage DNA gets damaged a lot! >200,000 events/human cell/day DNA damage Occurs 2 ways 1) spontaneously 2) mutagens : damage DNA Transposons Discovered by Barbara McClintock Selective Breeding o r Artificial Selection What is Selective Breeding? Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants and animals for particular traits. The term selective breeding is synonymous with artificial selection Selective Breeding . Breeders of crop plants and livestock attempt to manipulate an organism’s heredity to obtain desirable characteristics . This is done to produce a new and improved cultivar or breed that are beneficial to humans . CropLife International aisbl, 326 avenue Louise, box 35, B - 1050 Brussels Belgium January 2015 1 Oligonucleotide - D irected Mutagenesis (ODM) Classical mutagenesis approaches ( e.g. chemical/radiati Mitochondrial DNA replication. MtDNA. replication is not directly linked to the plant cell cycle, and . mtDNA. copy numbers can vary widely depending on the tissue and stage of development.. MtDNA. Introduction. . Suppose that we gathered DNA from a large number of individuals and examined the first 1,000 nucleotides on the first chromosome. . There . would . be some . sections in which the base pair sequence is the same for all of the . Biotechnology. We have been manipulating DNA for generations!. Selective breeding. creating new breeds of animals & new crop plants to improve our food. What is meant by being . Selective?. The power to . Lecture 2: Molecular Genetics (February 5). Lecture 3: Molecular Markers and Molecular Breeding (February 7). Lecture 4: Transgenic Technology: Methods (February 10). Lecture 5: Engineering Traits (February 12).