Alcohol During COVID-19 Presented by Evan Gurney - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Alcohol During COVID-19

Presented by Evan Gurney WSU MD/MPH CandidateSupervised and Reviewed by: Karen Huyghe, MAMarketing and Public Relations ManagerErika Blaskay, RNCommunity Outreach Nurse

Slide2

What are we going to cover today?

A broad overview of everything an undergraduate student at Wayne State University needs to know about alcohol

Hangovers, blackouts, and withdrawal

Alcohol poisoning, medical amnesty, and legal problems

Mental and physical health

How to drink safely

IPV and sexual assault

Stress and COVID-19

Alcohol use disorder and resources available to you

Alcohol itself and statistics

Slide3

College Students

55% - drank in the past month35% - binge drank10% - heavy drinking

Why it matters?

(1)

Slide4

Binge Drinking in College

Drinking where blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is at or above 0.08 g/dl (0.08%)

Women

Men

2 hours

(2)

Slide5

Why it matters during COVID-19?

Alcohol sales are upPeople report drinking moreDangerous?

(3)

Slide6

What is alcohol?

Ethyl alcohol or Ethanol

Toxin and depressant

↑ dopamine, serotonin, GABA

↓ glutamate

Absorption

Stomach, small intestine

Concentration (%) of alcohol

Distribution

Via bloodstream

MetabolismLiver Alcohol dehydrogenase

(4,5,6)

Slide7

Hangovers

From excessive alcohol useFatigue, weakness, thirst, headache, nausea, light/sound sensitivity, anxiety, sweating, ↑ BPCause?DehydrationDisrupted sleep

GI irritation

Inflammation

Mini-withdrawal

Symptoms peak when BAC returns to 0

Can last 24 hours or longer

(7)

Slide8

Hangover

Does drinking coffee or taking a shower prevent a hangover?

No.

Does the order of drinks matter?

“Beer before liquor, never sicker”

No. The more alcohol, the worse the hangover, whatever the order you drink.

Are there hangover cures?

No. Only time helps.

Does taking over the counter pain relievers before bed help?

No. It can actually be dangerous.

(7)

Slide9

Blackouts

Episodes of amnesia En blocNo memoryFragmentary Due to rapid rise in BACDrinking quickly on empty stomach51% of college students

(8)

Slide10

Alcohol Withdrawal

When a person dependent on alcohol suddenly stops drinking or greatly reduces the amount they drink

Potential symptoms:

Rapid heart rate

Elevated blood pressure

Sweating

Shaking (tremor)

Anxiety

Unable to find pleasure

Motor seizures

Delirium Tremens and hallucinations

The most severe form of withdrawal12-48 hours after last drink

In people who drink heavily for >10 years(9,10)

Slide11

Alcohol Poisoning

Risk = binge drinking, speed of drinking, how much food eaten, mediations

BAC rises

 blackouts  unconsciousness  OD

Parts of the brain shut down

If you suspect alcohol poisoning, call 911 or WSU police 313-577-2222

Do not leave them alone

Have them sitting or partially sitting

If unconscious, roll them to their side

(11)

Slide12

Medical Amnesty

2012 – State of Michigan passed Exemption of prosecution when drinking if: Under 21 who presents to medial facility for observation or treatmentUnder 21 presents to medical or treatment facility after sexual assaultUnder 21 who accompanies the above Under 21 who initiates contact with law enforcement or emergency medical services for the purpose of medical assistance due to a legitimate health concernOverdose of a controlled substanceAn individual who reports sexual misconduct, as either a complainant or a witness, will not receive disciplinary action by the University for using alcohol or other drugs around or during the incident.



Call 313-577-2222 (if on campus) or 911

for help if you need it!

(12)

Slide13

Impact of Alcohol

Slide14

Legal Problems - Under 21?

Minor in possession (MIP)

First time

Civil infraction

Fine up to $100

Substance abuse screening

Community service

Second time

Misdemeanor

Fine up to $200

License suspension

Jail if probation violation

If caught driving with ANY BAC above 0

First time

Restricted license

Four points on driving record

Fine up to $250

$500 Driver Responsibility payment for two years

Second time

License suspension

Fine up to $500

$500 Driver Responsibility payment for two years

Jail

(13)

Slide15

Other MI laws and WSU policies

Michigan laws“Michigan law prohibits public intoxication that causes one to act in a manner that endangers the safety of another person or property or that causes a public disturbance”Cannot carry, possess, or use a firearm if under the influence of alcohol or controlled substanceWSU policies “The unlawful possession, use, distribution, dispensation, sale or manufacture of drugs or alcohol is prohibited on university premises, at university activities and at university worksites”“The use or possession of alcoholic beverages is expressly prohibited in classrooms, lecture halls, laboratories, the libraries, the chapel, and within buildings or arenas where athletic events, lectures, and concerts are held”

The WSU Community Living Guide restricts the possession, use, and distribution of alcohol in student housing to those over the age of 21

Potential sanctions if violate WSU policies range from a reprimand to expulsion

(14)

Slide16

Alcohol and Academics

Worsens memory, planning, learning, and cognitive function1 in 4 report academic consequences from drinkingMissing classFalling behindDoing poorly on papers and exams

Students who binge drink 3 times per week were:

6x more likely to perform poorly on a test

5x more likely to miss a class

(15)

Slide17

Alcohol and Mental Health

Worsens anxiety and mood disorders More difficult to treatCan cause depression and anxiety(Mini) withdrawal induced anxiety

(16,17)

Slide18

Alcohol and Physical Health

Injuries

Falls, car accidents, burns

Risky sexual behaviors

Unprotected sex; ↑ risk of STIs, unplanned pregnancy

High blood pressure

Heart disease

Liver disease

Alcoholic fatty liver disease

Acute alcohol hepatitis

Cirrhosis

Cancer

Breast

Liver

Colon

(17)

Slide19

You’re going to drink anyway, so now what?

How to drink safely

Know how much you’re drinking

Know your limits

(18)

Slide20

Slide21

Have a plan

Never drive after drinking!

Uber/

lyft

Designated Driver

Sleep at friend’s place until sober

Slide22

Alcohol and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

IPV = any behavior in an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological, or sexual harm

Victims believed partner had been drinking prior to physical assault in 55% of cases

In “perpetrators, heavier, more frequent drinking increases the risk of violence”

IPV is more likely to result in injury if the perpetrator had consumed alcohol

Mental health, beliefs about gender roles and violence also contribute

(19)

Slide23

Alcohol Facilitated Sexual Assault

“Alcohol is the most common substance used to perpetrate drug-facilitated sexual assault”Victim knows perpetrator in about 80% of sexual assaultsWhat does alcohol facilitated sexual assault look like?Being pressured to drink more than comfortable withRequest for help after drinking too much being ignoredNot being told what’s in your drink after askingPerpetrators use alcohol because:Lowers inhibitions, use it to justify actions

Makes it more difficult for the victim to resist

Can prevent victims from remembering details, making it more difficult for them to report

(20,21)

Slide24

Alcohol and Sexual Assault

Don’t leave your friendsNever leave your drink unattended Watch your drink being madeDrugs can be tasteless, colorless, and odorlessKnow your limits! Are you disproportionately messed up for how much you drank?If you see something that looks suspicious, intervene Remember medical amnesty!Call 911 or 313-577-2222 for emergency medical services if you need them!If you were sexually assaulted after drinking,

it’s not your fault!

It is

always

the fault of the perpetrator.

(20)

Slide25

Sexual Assault Resources

Wayne State University Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS)552 Student Center Building, Detroit, MI 48202 | 313-577-3398 | Crisis/information line (nights/weekends/university closures): 313-577-9982Title IX Director313-577-9999 | titleix@wayne.eduhttps://titleix.wayne.eduWayne County SAFE

24-hour crisis pager: 313-430-8000

http://wcsafe.org

Services FREE to everyone

Forensic medical exam within 120 hours of assault

Counseling and advocacy services (22)

Slide26

WSU Title IX Process

Title IX Team can work with the victim to coordinate supportive measures including:Counseling servicesMutual No Contact orders between the involved partiesModification to on-campus housing or employmentAcademic AssistanceSafety Planning AssistanceThese measures are available whether or not the individual decides to submit a formal complaint.

Report of potential policy violation

Reach out to individual:

-provide information

-confidentially discuss support measures and resources

Ensure individual’s safety and wellbeing

Make sure individual is aware of their rights and options for filing a complaint with university and/or law enforcement

Slide27

Alcohol, Stress, and COVID-19

People sometimes turn to alcohol during times of stressBoth men and women who reported more stressful events tended to drink moreMen tended to use alcohol to deal with stress moreAlcohol can lead to good feelings and relaxation in the short-term, but in the long run, can have negative consequencesCOVID-19 is causing more stressFear and anxiety about the diseaseSocial isolation Online education, loss of routineIt’s normal to feel these emotions during a

pandemic

(23,24)

Slide28

Healthy Ways to Deal With Stress

Take care of your mental health

Therapy is for everyone!

Schedule time for breaks, things you enjoy

Take care of your physical health

Try to eat healthy, well-balanced meals

Get enough sleepMove your bodyDeep breathing, meditation Spend (virtual) time with family, friends, and the Wayne State communityCHC Programs

Mindfulness TechniquesStress and Anxiety

(24)

Slide29

Find and prioritize things that make you happy

Art

Nature

Yoga

Music

Don’t be afraid to ask for help, from friends, family, or a professional

Slide30

Alcohol and COVID-19

Alcohol weakens your immune system making you more susceptible to COVID-19 infectionAlcohol lowers your judgement and decision-making abilities, making you less likely to follow guidelines, like wearing masks and social distancing

(25)

Slide31

Alcohol and COVID-19

(25)

Slide32

Alcohol Use Disorder

DSM-V published by the American Psychiatric AssociationMild, moderate, severeBetween 9-20% of college students meet criteria for AUDControl, compulsion, consequencesOut-of-control use - are you drinking more than you intended?Are you spending a lot of time, money, or thought to obtain, use, and/or recover from alcohol?Have you had any legal, social, financial, or academic consequences because of your drinking?If yes, your drinking may be a cause for concernAUD is a medical disorder and not a character flaw

There is help available

(15,26,27)

Slide33

Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment

Medical detoxification = help someone get to an alcohol free state and manage symptoms of withdrawal5-14 days of treatment Effective medication Psychosocial interventionsIndividual alcohol counseling and help groupsMedication 2 medications, Naltrexone and Acamprosate, are USPSTF grade AA combination of psychosocial interventions, medication, and social services is the most effective

(28,29,30)

Slide34

eCHECKUP

To Go

Brief, confidential, tool that provides information on:

Your individual drinking pattern

Your risk patterns

Your aspirations and goals

Helpful resources at 

Wayne State University

 and in your community

Can take it an unlimited number of times to track alcohol use

(31)

Slide35

Alcohol Resources

Talk to your healthcare providerYour primary care physician can assess your use, answer your questions, and referWayne State University Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS)Free and confidential552 Student Center Building, Detroit, MI 48202 | 313-577-3398 | Crisis/information line (nights/weekends/university closures): 313-577-9982Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)https://aa-semi.orgIn person:

Several meetings every day all over SE Michigan

Variety of groups

Zoom meetings

SAMHSA’s National Helpline

– 1-800-662-HELP (4357) NIAAA Alcohol Treatment Navigatorhttps://alcoholtreatment.niaaa.nih.gov/how-to-find-alcohol-treatment

Slide36

Contact Us

Campus Health Center5285 Anthony Wayne DriveDetroit, MI 48202(313) 577-5041Email at CampusHealth@wayne.eduOnline at health.wayne.edu

Follow us on social media:

Twitter

- @

WSUCampusHealth

Facebook - @CampusHealthCenterInstagram - @campushealthcenterNow offering telehealth visits through telephone or webcam!

Slide37

References (1/3)

Prevalence of College Drinking. (2017). National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/statistics/prevalence.aspxBinge Drinking is a serious but preventable problem of excessive alcohol use | CDC. (2019, December 30). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/binge-drinking.htm

Christensen, T. (2020, July 1). 

COVID-19 pandemic brings new concerns about excessive drinking

. American Heart Association.

https://www.heart.org/en/news/2020/07/01/covid-19-pandemic-brings-new-concerns-about-excessive-drinking

Facts about moderate drinking | CDC. (2019, December 30). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/moderate-drinking.htmPaton, A. (2005). Alcohol in the body. BMJ, 330

(7482), 85–87. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7482.85Godman, H., & Levine, D. (2019, June 7). Is Alcohol a Depressant? US News. https://health.usnews.com/conditions/mental-health/depression/articles/is-alcohol-a-depressantHangovers | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

. (2019, March). National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/hangoversWhite, A. M. (2003). What Happened? Alcohol, Memory Blackouts, and the Brain. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh27-2/186-196.htm

Becker, H. C. (n.d.). Alcohol Dependence, Withdrawal, and Relapse. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh314/348-361.htmDelirium tremens. (2019, October 1). Medline Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000766.htm

Understanding the Dangers of Alcohol Overdose | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). (2020, March). National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-dangers-of-alcohol-overdose

Slide38

References (2/3)

Medical Amnesty Law | Dean of Students. (n.d.). Dean of Students University of Michigan. https://deanofstudents.umich.edu/article/medical-amnesty-lawUnder 21? If you have alcohol in your possession, you can get in trouble with the law. (n.d.). Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning. https://www.michigan.gov/documents/msp/Under_21_Brochure_update_2018_630380_7.pdf

2019 Annual Security and Fire Safety Report

. (2019). Wayne State University.

https://police.wayne.edu/pdf/security-report-2019.pdf

College Drinking | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

. (2020, October). National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/college-drinkingCastaneda, R., Sussman, N., Westreich

, L., Levy, R., & O’Malley, M. (1996). A review of the effects of moderate alcohol intake on the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders. J Clin Psychiatry, 57(5), 207–212. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8626352/Drinking too much alcohol can harm your health. Learn the facts | CDC. (2020, October 1). Https://

Www.Cdc.Gov/Alcohol/Fact-Sheets/Alcohol-Use.Htm. https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/alcohol-use.htmAlcohol Use and Your Health. (n.d.). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/pdfs/alcoholyourhealth.pdf

Intimate partner violence and alcohol. (2006). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/factsheets/fs_intimate.pdf

Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault | RAINN. (n.d.). RAINN. https://www.rainn.org/articles/drug-facilitated-sexual-assaultAbbey, A., Zawacki, T., Buck, P. O., Clinton, A. M., & McAuslan, P. (2001). Alcohol and Sexual Assault. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh25-1/43-51.htm

Slide39

References (3/3)

Sexual misconduct resources. (2020). Warrior Life and Wellness. https://warriorlife.wayne.edu/sexualhealth/misconduct-resourcesAlcohol Alert Number 85. (2012). National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/AA85/AA85.htmCoping With Stress

. (2020, February 11). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html

Alcohol and COVID-19: what you need to know

. (2020). World Health Organization.

https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/437608/Alcohol-and-COVID-19-what-you-need-to-know.pdfCollege Drinking Facts for Parents. (n.d.).College Drinking Change the Culture.

https://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/parentsandstudents/parents/FactSheets/ParentFactSheet.aspxLembke, A. (2016). Drug Dealer, MD: How Doctors Were Duped, Patients Got Hooked, and Why It’s So Hard to Stop(1st ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.

Hayashida, M. (1998). An Overview of Outpatient and Inpatient Detoxification. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh22-1/44-46.pdf

Hebert, O. W. B. T. (2016, March 15). Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder. American Family Physician. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0315/p457.html

Saitz, R. (2018). Approach to treating alcohol use disorder. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-treating-alcohol-use-disorder

Physical wellness. (2020). Warrior Life and Wellness. https://warriorlife.wayne.edu/physical