The study of the human and nonhuman features of Earth our home Geography The Study of Earth 11 Cardinal Directions Cardinal directions are North South East and West ID: 783735
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Slide1
Tools of Geography
Slide2GEOGRAPHY
The
study of the human and
nonhuman features of Earth, our home.
Geography: The Study of Earth 1.1
Slide3Cardinal Directions
Cardinal directions are North, South, East, and West.
(N, S, E, W)
Slide4Intermediate directions
Intermediate directions lie between the cardinal directions.
(NE, SE, NW, SW)
Slide5Sphere
A round-shaped body
Slide6Latitude
Is the distance measured in degrees north or south of the Equator.
Lines of latitude run east to west.
Slide7Degrees
Are units that measure angles(º)
Slide8Minutes
Smaller units of measure for measuring longitude and latitude.(
΄
)Coordinates for Southaven, MSLatitude: 34°59′ N Longitude: 90°00′ W
Slide9equator
The imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.
The Equator is also
known as the 0º degree latitude line.
Slide10Hemisphere
Each half of the Earth.
Northern and Southern Hemisphere
Eastern and Western Hemisphere
Slide11Prime Meridian
The imaginary line that divides the Earth into the Eastern and
Western
Hemisphere.The Prime Meridian is known as the 0º line of longitude.
Slide12longitude
Is the distance measured in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian.
Lines of longitude run North and South.
Slide13Geography’s Five Themes 1.2
1.
The five themes of geography
are location, place, region, movement, and human-environment interaction.2. Geographers answer 2 basic questions: 1. Where are things located? 2. Why are they there?
Slide14Location
– where something is.
*Absolute location – describes a place’s exact position on Earth in terms of longitude and latitude Ex: Mississippi is 32° 35’N, 89° 39’WEx: Southaven is 34° N, 90° W*Relative location
– the location of a place relative to another place.
Ex
:
Southaven is about 196 miles N of Jackson
Slide15Place
–
refers to the mix of human and nonhuman
features at a given location.Ex: hilly, wet, on a river, major cityRegion – an area with at least one unifying physical or human feature Ex: climate, landforms, population, or history.
Movement – explores how people, goods, and ideas get
from one place to another.
Ex
: food, fuel, and other basic goods.
Slide16Human-Environment Interaction
-
considers how
people affect their environment, or their natural surroundings, and how their environment affects them.Ex: The movement of water from the Potomac River into Washington’s water system.
Slide17Ways to Show Earth’s Surface 1.3
Scale
the area a given space on the map corresponds to in the real world.EX. One inch on a globe might correspond to 600 miles on Earth’s surface
Slide18aerial photographs
p
hotographic images of Earth’s surface taken from the air.
satellite imagespictures of Earth’s surface taken from a satellite in orbit.
Slide19DistortionThe loss of accuracy in the size or position of objects on a map.
Slide20projectionsWays to map Earth on a flat surface.
Slide21The Equal-Area ProjectionAn equal-area map shows the correct size of landmasses. However, their shapes are distorted.
Slide22The mercator PRojection
The Mercator projection shows correct shapes and directions, but not true distances or sizes.
Mercator maps make areas near the poles look bigger than they are.
Slide23The Robinson projectionThe Robinson Projection shows nearly the correct size and shape of most land areas. Distortions are seen in areas around the edges of the map.
Slide24key
Map key explains the symbols and shading on the map.
Under Standing Maps 1.4
Slide25Locator MapThe locator map shows a larger area than the main map. It shows where the area on the map is located within this larger area.
Locator Map
Slide26Scale BarA scale bar shows how much space on the map represents a given distance on the land.
Slide27Compass RoseA diagram of a compass showing direction.
Compass rose
Slide28Physical Map
Physical maps show physical, or natural features.
Types of Maps 1.5
Slide29elevationElevation is the height above sea level.
Slide30Special purpose mapSpecial-purpose maps show the location or distribution of human or physical features.
Slide31Political Map
Political maps show political units, such as countries or states.