and Human Development Behavior Genetics Behavior Geneticists Weigh the effects of our environment and heredity The basics Humans have 46 chromosomes 23 from mom23 from dad Chromosomes contain DNA ID: 1048596
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1. Chapter 3Nature, Nurture, and Human Development
2. Behavior GeneticsBehavior Geneticists - Weigh the effects of our environment and heredityThe basicsHumans have 46 chromosomes (23 from mom/23 from dad)Chromosomes contain DNAGenes are small parts of the DNAGenomes – complete instructions for making an individual (all the genetic material)If specific genes can be identified with disorders, gives a biological understanding
3. Geneticshttp://www.cbsnews.com/news/many-more-genes-linked-to-autism/
4. Twin & Adoption StudiesIdentical twins don’t just look the sameCome from one egg and are “genetically” identicalFraternal twinsCome from two eggsGenetically no more similar than ordinary siblingsAdoptive ChildrenResemble biological parent personality (thinking, feeling, acting)Resemble adoptive parent values, attitudes, manners, faith, politics
5. Temperament StudiesTemperament Emotional excitabilityApparent soon after birthTends not to change even into adulthoodMore heredity here than environment
6. HeritabilityHeritabilityHow much the difference between people can be attributed to genesGroupsIndividual gene differences don’t necessarily explain differences in groups
7. Parents and peersPrenatal (before birth) conditions can affect the childExperience modifies the brainUnused synapses degenerate (impoverished vs enriched environment)Lacking visual experience early, prevents normal usage later even with surgeryParents…Influence manners, political & religious beliefsNot so much influence on personalityPeers…Attempt to fit in (conformity)Influence cooperation and interaction
8. Cultural InfluencesCultureBehaviors, ideas, values, traditions shared in a groupCultural differencesPersonal spaceExpressing feelingsPDAPace of lifeEducating & rearing childrenGenes lead to culture change?Nope – culture changes faster than genes
9. Cultural InfluenceIndividualism (Independence) vs Collectivism (Interdependence)US, Canada, Western Europe value the individual & personal achievementMany part of Asia and Africa value interdependence and traditionCultures may be different but genetic profiles are the same
10. Gender DevelopmentLet’s read a book…
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31. Info about the book…When do you think this was published?Published in 1970Intended as a satire
32. Gender DevelopmentDifferences45 Chromosomes are unisexBiologicallybody fat muscle,height,age of puberty life expectancyPsychologically More women diagnosed w/depressionMore men diagnosed antisocial personality disorder
33. Gender DevelopmentAggressionIn many cultures & ages, men tend to be more aggressiveSocial PowerMost societies are male dominantSocial ConnectednessWomen tend and befriendMen emphasize freedom and self-relianceNature of GenderBiological sex determined by 23 pair of chromosomesMom=X Dad= X or YXX=Female XY=Male
34. Gender DevelopmentNurture of GenderGender Roles Expectation of how men & women should behaveGender Identity One’s sense of being male or femaleSocial Learning Theory Assumes gender behavior is learned (observed & imitated) though reward and punishment like Gender Schema TheoryProposes we learn a cultural “recipe” of how to be male/female and adjust behavior accordingly
35. Got time?“Like a girl” videoVideos\P_G Do Things Like A Girl.mp4