Serving the urban poor and starting to close the loop Reini Siregar Budi Damawan Isabel Blackett Indonesian team Cebu Philippines April 2013 Technical Assistance to Government ID: 795728
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Slide1
Septage Management in Indonesia
Serving the urban poor and starting to close the loop?
Reini Siregar Budi Damawan, Isabel BlackettIndonesian teamCebu, Philippines April 2013
Technical Assistance to Government…
Slide2Background: Urban Sanitation Improving
On site and DEWATS systems
Urban Sanitation Coverage in Indonesia
% of population
Improved Sanitation
Open Defecation
Unimproved
Shared
Source: UNICEF/WHO JMP 2012
Urban Sanitation
Access
1990 2010
Improved Facilities
56%
73%
Shared Facilities8%10%Other unimproved17%3%Open Defecation19%14%Total100%100%
Population: 240 million people Increasing on site and DEWATS Increasing need for desludging Little national policy, legislation, or regulation
Slide3Acceleration of Sanitation in Human Settlements
Government investment program 2010-2015
Open Defecation Free by 2015
10% urban residents with sewerage access
incl1
6 cities with 20% sewerage
DEWATS in 226 cities and districts
Improved septage treatment facilities
900% increase in sanitation investment since 2006
Slide4Sanitation and Septage Disposal
in Tegal and Jombang
Over 90% access to household toilets
Private sector emptying services
Local government emptying truckLittle used septage treatment facilitiesUnenforced or no local regulation
Septage management similar to other cities
Jombang
Population: 137,000
Tegal
Population: 240,000
Jakarta
Pal
u
Metro Lampung
Slide5Dense communities, tanks and pits hard to reach, often under house and no access manhole
Difficult Access
Slide6Unused Septage Treatment Facilities
Slide7M
3
/month
Septage Emptying Services Available
Little safe disposal, treatment and no reuse
Storage
Collection
Unsealed tanks and pits, often overflow
Removal Transport
Dump in waterways fields etc
Treatment
Little used septage treatment facilities
Re-use
or disposal
No re-use and frequent unsafe disposal
Private benefit = private
paymentPublic or shared benefit But who pays?
Slide8National government
O & M costs
Household or pit owner
Private sector business
Local city government
Local Govt operator
Capital cost
Small Profit
Capital cost
Operating and other costs
Removal Fee
Dumping Fee
$
Central Budget Transfer
Existing: Incentive to Remove Septage
Disincentive to dispose safely
Local government budgetTreatment
Transport$
Slide9Priority setting: What can change now?
What comes later?
Slide10Start with Incremental Incentives
Incentives for septage to reach treatment facility:
Free annual permit for correct disposal and registering all loads
Waive disposal fees for valid permit
Permit revoked for opening dumping
Improve operation of treatment facility
Promote public awareness to increase willingness to report open dumping
Slide11Start: Incentives to Comply and Formalize
If business
:
Use septage treatment facility
Register all loadsIncentives Free annual operating permitDisposal fees waived
National governme
nt
Issues permit
Household or pit owner
Septage
collection business
$ Profit
Operating and other costs
Registers loads
O & M costs
Local government operator
Local city governmentCapital costRemoval FeeTreatmentTransport
Local Government budget
Capital cost
Septage fee/tax
Slide12National Septage Framework
Water Resources Act (2006) makes septage management a local government responsibility.
But more is needed:-
Ministerial decree as basis for septage guidelines and regulations
Guidelines for minimum service standards for local governmentIncentives for good local Government outcomesNational monitoring
Slide13National Government
Household pit owner
Septage
collection business
Public company
(utility)
Capital cost
Profit
Capital cost
Operating and other costs
Compost sales
Regular septage management fee
Contracts for regular desludging
O & M cost
Collect with:
Water Bill?
Solid waste fee ?
Property tax ?
If needed ad hoc emptyingTreatmentTransport
Long term: Regular Emptying and Regular Payments
Slide14Work in Progress: Next Steps
Opportunities
Improve treatment so
sludge safe for agricultural use
Develop
market for compost
to increase cost-recovery
Challenges
National septage framework
Increase volume of sludge
removed
Improved septic tank and pit
construction at scale
High groundwater
areas
Slide15Terima
Kasih!