Management Yuko Murayama IFIP Vice President Chair of IFIP Domain Committee on IT in Disaster Risk Reducton Tsuda University Japan 1415 September 2017 Yamada Town Iwate 20 April 2011 An office ID: 814683
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Slide1
IT requirements in Disaster Management
Yuko MurayamaIFIP Vice PresidentChair of IFIP Domain Committee on IT in Disaster Risk ReductonTsuda University, Japan14-15 September 2017
Yamada Town, Iwate, 20 April 2011
Slide2An office
in DisasterCase in Iwate Fisheries Technical CenterSEARCC2017
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Slide3At 2:46pm on March 11, 2011
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Slide4Office after Tsunami
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Slide5What happened at the Office
Iwate Fisheries Technical Centerceiling panel fell down, PCs fell downPeople headed up to the roof of 3-story bldg
Came down to have a warm room with potbelly stove
http://www.sozailab.jp/sozai/detail/1605
/
Real tsunami was more than one can imagine
A disaster kit
：
boots with a thick
sole are useful
Life
jacket would not be usable in the rubble
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Slide6Physical Managament
of InformationThe first floor(ground floor) was floodedComputers were soaked in seawaterWashed hard discs with pure watersome of the disks’ data were recovered successfully but others’ were notUSB stick memory with a cap protected data almost
perfectlydocuments on
paper
d
irty water
→
get moldy
→
smell→discardn
eed to be digitalized
n
eed to
clean and preserve paper
documents
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Slide7Outline
What had happened and findingsSupport required at disasterSupport organizationSome results from our experienceIT requirements in Disaster ManagementFuture work
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Slide8Damage caused by the 3.11 disaster
SEARCC20178Tohoku Region:
Deaths:
15,818
Missing:
2,709
Injured:
4,681
Iwate:
Deaths: 4,673
Missing
:
1,173
Injured
:
208
Reference
：
National Police Agency
http://www.npa.go.jp/archive/keibi/biki/higaijokyo.pdf
Dec. 26, 2012
14-15 September 2017
Slide9History of Disaster from Tsunami in Iwate
June 15, 1896March 3, 1933May 23, 1960March 11, 2011Local wisdom: Tsunami “TenDenKo”But still a great number of death
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Slide10What had happened- on 3.11 2011
no communication line availablewired telephone line: nowireless: some with temporary base stationsLimited telephone accessNon-limited packet-switched accesslimited electricitybattery charging was a problem
No “never-die” networks
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Slide11Findings:What is needed
was an IT support for supportersNeed a standard format to exchange informationSafety informationInformation on suffers：
family, shelter
Shelter
Good Distribution
：
never be well-planned
Medical information
：
the disaster weak
donation
：
traceability
Open Source: e.g.
S
ahana
[2,3]
Pros:
Community of software developers
Cons:
Open
source needs to deal with local languages
Need a well-known interface
Killer Application for Cloud Computing!
[2] Paul
Currion
，
Chamindra
de Silva
and
Bartel
Van de
Walle
: Open source software for disaster management, Comm. Of The ACM, Vol. 50, Issue 3, pp.61-65 2007
[3]
Sahana
Japan:
http://www.sahana.jp/
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Slide12SEARCC2017
Findings:What is needed for disaster managementspeedrhythm trust
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Slide13Support for Iwate
Iwate is large:Iwate: 15,278.40 km2 (5,899.02 sq mi) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwate_Prefecture Connecticut: 14,357 km2 (5,543 sq mi) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con
necticut
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Slide14Technical Support required at Disaster
Information acquisition and provision:People search: safety information: on-line, cell phone, off-lineVisualizing Lifeline information: e.g.) road condition, transport, electricity, water supply etc.radioactivity, shopping and daily-life-relatedportal sites of disaster information: www.go-iwate.org
No. of access: 5,892 (as of 12:30 Mar. 2, 2012)
Networking for information infrastructure:
internetworking
with communication links
IT environment with PCs and printers
Shelter information management for a local government
List of people in a shelter: name/age/family/address
An information system for food and goods distribution
Volunteer Support
Tohno
Volunteer Center: e.g.) local information for visitors
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Slide15Iwate Prefectural University
www.go-iwate.org
Visualizing the Life-line line
Safety Information off-line
Tohno
VC
Our Support Activities
Disaster Information Portal Site
Safety Information on mobile
Graduate students in Tokyo
Internetworking and PC
Internetworking and PC
Support Plan by
Iwate Prefectural Government Office
PC and Information
■
：
Supporters
■
：
Suffered region
Internetworking and PC
Internetworking and PC
Internetworking and PC
15
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Slide16Support Organization:
a loosely coupled federationSEARCC2017Volunteers at Tohno VCIwate Prefecture
1) emergency response headquarter
2)
r
egional
d
evelopment
office
IndustryE-partsIwate University
Iwate Prefectural University
Post-Disaster Recovery Network
(
WIDE Project
and Industry
)
JEITA
Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association
Graduates of Iwate Prefectural University
Needs and Seeds
solution
Suffered people
coordination
Local government
1)city council
2)
emergency response headquarters
ICT Support Project for San-
Riku
Region Reconstruction
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Slide17Case Study: networking at disaster
Loose Cabling: so as to remove easily laterSEARCC20171714-15 September 2017
Slide18ICT was not required desperately!?
Providers’ viewpoint:IT should be requiredNeed to understand the real needsSupporters and Cars, firstAnd then, ICT
Organizational ProtocolsHierarchy and independence of local governments
e.g.) convincing the needs for networking
Prefectural offices: 1) emergency 2) normal
Local government offices: a) emergency b) normal
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Slide19Communications at Disaster
Risk Communications vs.Disaster CommunicationsSEARCC201719
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Slide20Disaster Communications
Risk Communications (e.g. nuclear plant, disaster prevention)residentsspecialistsDisaster Communications
sufferersvolunteers
Administrative offices
Supporters:
organizations
individuals
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Slide21Nature of Disaster Management
the same purpose but hard to cooperateHeterogeneity of peopleBackground, volunteer vs. business
Most of us are novices
Need to deal with the matters without experiences
Fatigue
Travel distance to go
A-few-hour sleep without weekend
Communications with unknown people
Easy to misunderstand
Need for decision-making in changing circumstances
No best optimized solution
None knows the true needs
ICT is a part of solution
Don’t expect appreciation
No time; things keep happening one after another
Multiple issues to deal with at the same time
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Slide22Related Work:Emergency Management
History: the Office of Emergency Preparedness (OEP) in the Executive Office of the Presidenta prototype Delphi System (1970)Emergency Management Information System for the Wage Price Freeze (EMISARI) (1971)200 to 300 users to exercise coordinated response to crisis situationsthe companion PREMIS system: for collaborative actions
Crisis management:a highly flexible but also structured group communication system is required
[8] Murray
Turoff
: Past and future emergency response information systems, Comm. of the ACM Vol. 45 No. 4, April 2002
[9]
Van
de
Walle, B.,
Turoff, M. and Hiltz,
S.R. eds.: Information systems for emergency
, M.E. Sharpe 2010
22
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Slide23The Integrated Disaster Management Cycle
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Slide24from Short-term recoveryto Long-term recovery
Disaster Information SystemShort term：safety information, lifeline, shelter, volunteer activity, goods distributionLong term
：care, jobs, housing, education, community, transport
ICT environment
shelters
temporary housing
recovery houses
Local governments
Public transport
From infrastructure to applications
Recovery watcher
TanoHata
Village Tsunami Museum
Sustainable support:
new
business models, new collaboration
Traceable donations
Project:
Fumbaro
Eastern Japan
Amazon:
wish list
OpenStreetMap
Safecast
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Slide25ICT environments
14-15 September 2017SEARCC201725
reconstruction house
temporary housing
a prefabricated
house
s
helter
e.g.) gymnasium
Slide26Recovery Watcher
(Yamada, Kamaishi)
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Slide27Setting a PC and a web camera
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Slide28Tsunami Information Museumfor
TanoHata VillageHICSS46Trust Issues in Disaster Communications28
Slide29Thank you
Yuko.Murayama@ifip.orgSEARCC201729
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