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Training Effective Flight Path Monitoring Training Effective Flight Path Monitoring

Training Effective Flight Path Monitoring - PowerPoint Presentation

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Training Effective Flight Path Monitoring - PPT Presentation

A data driven approach Chris Ranganathan November 2018 2 Using Data to quantify the problem LOSA Data Training Data Line Data Training Response Next steps Contents Context A320A330A380B787B777 ID: 814460

training flight performance aircraft flight training aircraft performance efpm path monitoring data indicators management monitors pilot losa line tasks

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Slide1

Training Effective Flight Path Monitoring

A data driven approach

Chris Ranganathan

November 2018

Slide2

2

Using Data to quantify the problem

LOSA Data

Training Data

Line Data

Training Response

Next steps

Contents

Slide3

Context

A320/A330/A380/B787/B777~ 2100 pilots~ 200 pilot instructorsAll types in EBT since October 2015

Slide4

270 observations (narratives)

1673 Threats (

avg

: 6.19 per flight)

2176 Errors (

avg

: 8.05 per flight)

LOSA Raw Data

LOSA Report:

Identified and ranked Threats & Errors observed

Compared Crew Management of Threats, Errors against LOSA database average and against 4 peer airlines.

Rated crew performance in 11 Threat and Error Management countermeasures, on a 4 point scale

Operations Data–

LOSA 2015

Slide5

5

The 11 LOSA Countermeasures were related to one or more of the 9 Pilot Competencies by a comparison of the LOSA Behavioral Markers to Etihad Performance Indicators

Correlating LOSA and EBT data (1/2)

Slide6

6

Next step was to research industry papers/studies in the areas of Monitor/Cross Check and Workload Management

Resulting Competencies of Focus:

Application of Procedures (APK)

Aircraft Flight Path Management, Automation (FPA)

Aircraft Flight Path Management, Manual (FPM)

Workload Management (WLM)

Situation Awareness (SAW)

Monitor / Cross Check related to 4 different competencies

Workload Management was related to 3 of the top 5 negative net LOSA countermeasure rankings

Correlating LOSA and EBT data (2/2)

Slide7

7

Discovering and correcting flight path management errors:

“ Effective Flight Path Monitoring”

, or

EFPM.

Industry papers review

Performance Indicators relevant to EFPM were identified based on industry research and refined during instructor workshops

How frequently were these indicators cited as a cause of poor pilot performance in training/checking……….

Slide8

EBT simulator data of pilot performance (all ranks)

8

Slide9

PI data for grades <3 (all fleets: EVAL-SBT)

9

Slide10

10

Line Check data of pilot performance

Check to see

if these issues identified in training/checking were contributing to incidents in unsupervised line operations……….

Slide11

Correlation with Etihad Operational Data

Most significant Tier 3 Safety Performance Indicators contributing to OVERALL AIRLINE Operational Risk

Aircraft speed exceedance

Level Bust induced by EY

Aircraft speed exceedances

Long landing

Circa

March 2018

Slide12

Review and modify current competency framework to explicitly define Performance Indicators (PIs) relevant to EFPM

Review and modify initial and recurrent training programs to emphasize Areas of Vulnerability (AoVs) - target the PIs relevant to EFPM

Train pilots to deliver Threat Based interactive briefings that emphasize the importance of the PM roleImplement a deliberate and comprehensive approach to training manual flying skills for Instructors & line pilots that raises self confidenceEnsure that instructors and evaluators:Train the relevant performance indicators that reinforce the responsibility of the PM to challenge deviations;Are proficient at training and evaluating competencies & performance indicators relevant to EFPM; and

Place emphasis on EFPM during line checks

12

Resulting Agreed Actions

Slide13

Review and modify current competency framework to explicitly define Performance Indicators (PIs) relevant to EFPM

13

Competency

EY Performance Indicators for EFPM

Application of Procedures (APK)

Monitors aircraft system status according to published operating instructions

Communication (COM)

Uses appropriate escalation of communication to resolve deviations identified by monitoring

Flight Path Management - Automation (FPA)

Monitors and

Detects deviations from the desired aircraft trajectory and takes appropriate action

Maintains the desired flight path during flight

whilst monitoring

and managing other tasks and distractions

Flight Path Management - Manual (FPM)

Knowledge (KNO)

 

Leadership and Teamwork (LTW)

Confidently says and does what is important for safety,

resolving deviations identified whilst monitoring using an escalation of communication

Problem Solving & Decision Making (PSD)

Monitors execution of decisions, reviews and adapts them as required

Situation Awareness (SAW)

Monitors, identifies and assesses

Is aware of

the state of the aircraft and its systems

Monitors, identifies and assesses

Is aware of

where the aircraft is and its environment

Workload Management (WLM)

Monitors

, Reviews, monitors and cross-checks actions conscientiously

Slide14

Review and modify initial and recurrent training programs to emphasize

AoVs

and target the PIs relevant to EFPMInitial Training (thus far)MPLBoeing Type Rating curricula

Recurrent Training

Medium/Method

Instructor led Ground Training

e-learning module

Initial Simulator Training:

Scenario Based Training

Recurrent Simulator Training:

EVAL, SBT and ISI phases of EBT

Slide15

Slide16

16

Training Appropriate Assertiveness in ISI

Competency

EY Performance Indicators for EFPM

Communication (COM)

Uses appropriate escalation of communication to resolve deviations identified by monitoring

Leadership and Teamwork (LTW)

Confidently says and does what is important for safety,

resolving deviations identified whilst monitoring, using an escalation of communication

Slide17

17

Training Monitoring in SBT & EVAL

Changes in atmospheric conditions affecting aircraft energy

Systems failures which are not declared by the internal warning systems

Failure to Capture Altitude, LOC, GS, NAV

Erroneous G/SErroneous LOC captureFalse G/S Thrust Management Computer improper thrust settings. Does not respond to thrust targets, no failure indication.

Competency

EY Performance Indicators for EFPM

(APK)

Follows SOP’s unless a higher degree of safety dictates otherwise

Monitors aircraft system status according to published operating instructions

(COM)

Confirms that the recipient correctly understands important information

Conveys messages and information clearly, accurately, timely and adequately

(FPA)/ (FPM)

Detects deviations from the desired aircraft trajectory and takes appropriate action

Effectively monitors automation, including engagement and automatic mode transitions

Maintains the desired flight path during flight whilst managing other tasks and distractions

Selects appropriate level/mode of automation in a timely manner considering phase of flight & workload

(LTW)

Anticipates other crew members’ needs and carries out instructions when directed

(SAW)

Is aware of where the aircraft is and its environment

Is aware of the state of the aircraft and it systems

(

WLM

)

Ensures tasks are completed

Manages interruptions, distractions, variations and failures effectively

Offers and accepts assistance, delegates when necessary and asks for help early

Plans, Prepares, prioritizes and schedules tasks effectively

Reviews, monitors and cross-checks actions conscientiously

Simulation challenges….

Slide18

On a line flight – what does good EFPM look like?

In Flight

Phase

Pilot

Flying (PF)Pilot Monitoring (PM)

During Cruise

Use this time to anticipate and complete all tasks (e.g. administrative tasks,

stowing and pulling items, setting up and briefing approaches).

When interrupted by unanticipated tasks

Verbalize constraints/next

action

as needed to reinforce team awareness.

Delegate task to PM (or transfer aircraft control).

Continue monitoring flight path with high scan rate.

Perform task after checking

PF is monitoring the flight path.

If PF inappropriately engages in non-monitoring task, then monitor flight path with high scan rate.

When interrupted by non-normal situations

Monitor flight path with high scan rate

Avoid initiating procedures until aircraft trajectory is safe

(Golden Rules).

Maintain awareness of flight path until other crewmember is concentrating on monitoring it.

During non-routine high-workload situations (e.g. Go-Around…)Focus on monitor flight path with high scan rate.

Maintain high SAW of aircraft energy to avoid altitude bust.Use correct callouts in the correct sequence.Prioritize tasks to ensure correct aircraft configuration change (L/G, flaps retraction on schedule,…) during dynamic maneuver.Delay ATC readback as appropriate:Fly-Navigate THEN Communicate

(WLM) Plans, Prepares, prioritizes and schedules tasks effectively

(COM) Confirms that the recipient correctly understands important information

(WLM) Offers and accepts assistance, delegates when necessary and asks for help early

(FPA/FPM) Effectively monitors automation/flight guidance, including engagement and automatic mode transitions

(FPA/FPM) Maintains the desired flight path during flight using automation / during manual flight whilst managing other tasks and distractions

(SAW) Is aware of where the aircraft is and its environment

Slide19

Placing emphasis on EFPM during line checks

EFPM behaviours in “Line Pilot speak”===

=====

Related EFPM Performance Indicators

Slide20

Placing emphasis on EFPM during line checks

EFPM behaviours in “Line Pilot speak”

=====

Related EFPM Performance Indicators

Slide21

Enabling Effective Flight Path Monitoring – next steps

Ensure Operations Policy and Training programs encourage an “Active” PM role

Ensure Operations Policy and Training programs, enable the confidence and skills required to hand fly during line operations, when appropriateContinue to correlate Operations and Training Data to measure effectiveness of training programsNext LOSA to use EBT competency frameworkTrain Safety Investigators to use competency framework when describing/classifying pilot performance

Continue to promote a pilot mindset of “healthy suspicion”.