Safety of Flight Collision Avoidance - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2018-03-17

Safety of Flight Collision Avoidance - PPT Presentation

VFR Means the airplane is operating under see and avoid principles 91113 IFR Means the airplane is being separated by ATC Contrast with meteorological conditions IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions can not see ID: 654228

training flight 2015 coast flight training coast 2015 reserved rights aircraft feet turn area safety rules avoidance collision wing

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Slide1

Safety of FlightSlide2

Collision Avoidance

VFR: Means the airplane is operating under “see and avoid” principles91.113IFR: Means the airplane is being separated by ATCContrast with meteorological conditions:

IMC: Instrument Meteorological Conditions (can not see)VMC: Visual Meteorological Conditions (can see)

Collision Avoidance - Scanning

Pilot cannot go into IMC without an Instrument RatingPilot’s duty to see and avoid in visual flight conditionsTo see and avoid other aircraft, we need to learn to scan

Collision Avoidance - Scanning

Divide the sky into 10 degree segmentsFocus on these segments one at a timeDo not “sweep” across the horizonIf you focus, the eye will determine movement

Collision Avoidance - Scanning

Start at either:CenterOne Side

Empty-Field Myopia

In low visibility, the eye tends to focus 10 to 30 feet aheadOnly happens when sky is devoid of objectsMeans that spots on the windshield could appear to be airplanesAlso happens at night (Night Myopia)

Blind Spots

All Aircraft have specific blind spotsHigh wing airplane is above the wing, and below the fuselageLow wing airplane is below the wing/fuselage, and above the fuselageKnow your blind spots

Airport Operations

Pilot’s need to exercise extreme caution in airport environmentsMore airplanes in this environmentAt any given moment at Montgomery Field there could be 10 planes in the pattern

Airport Operations

FAA has started Operation Lights OnVoluntary program that encourages pilots to turn on all lights when within 10 miles of an airportBoth day and nightAnti-collision Lights required to be on when engine running (FAR)

Aircraft Lighting

Maneuvers in the Training Area

Maneuvering is singlehandedly the most fatal phase of flight (Joseph T. Nall Report) (NTSB Statistics)Mitigate the risks by doing clearing turns before maneuvers:One 180 degree turn

Two 90 degree turns in either direction

The Pre-Maneuver Checklist

Coast Flight Training incorporates the Clearing Turns into the Pre-Maneuver ChecklistAll students MUST memorize this checklistSee Maneuvers Guide: (IP 3 C’s)Instruments

PositionChecklist (Configure)Fuel, Ignition, LightsClearCall

Right-of-Way Rules – General (91.113)

From Least Maneuverable to ManeuverableEBGAAAR:Emergency (in Distress)Balloon

GliderAircraft RefuelingAirshipAirplaneRotorcraft

Right-of-Way Rules - Overtaking

If overtaking an aircraft:Aircraft being overtaken has right-of-wayAircraft completing the overtaking must pass well clear and on the rightMust yield to the aircraft it is overtaking!

Right-of-Way Rules – Head On

If two aircraft approaching head-on:Both pilots alter course to the right

Right-of-Way Rules – Converging

If two aircraft are converging on separate courses:Aircraft on the left gives way to the aircraft on its immediate right

Right-of-Way Rules – Landing

If two aircraft are approaching to landThe lower aircraft has the right-of-wayHowever, the higher aircraft can’t dive to become lower to take advantage of this rule

28RSlide18

Minimum Safe Altitudes - General

Except when Takeoff or LandingAltitude that if power fails, an emergency landing can be made without undue hazard to persons or property on the surfaceThis rule is all-encompassing

Minimum Safe Altitudes – Congested Areas

What is a congested area? (91.119)GREY AREA (undefined)1000 feet above highest obstacle2000 feet horizontally between obstacles

Minimum Safe Altitudes – Uncongested Areas

What is an uncongested area? (91.119)GREY AREA (undefined)500 feet above the surface

Minimum Safe Altitudes – Sparsely Populated

What is a sparsely populated area? (91.119)GREY AREA (undefined)May not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle or structure

Wire Strike Avoidance

Wire strike accidents mainly occur below 100 feet AGLMaintain a 2000 feet horizontal distance from any towerFlying at least 1000 feet dramatically reduces chances of wire strikeHigher risk when approaching to land

Stay on glide-path during approach – especially at night or at an unfamiliar airportNOTAMS! (We’ll talk about these in a moment)

Hazardous Terrain - CFIT

Controlled Flight into Terrain“When a perfectly good aircraft with a perfectly capable pilot flies into perfectly placed terrain”

Hazardous Terrain – Mountainous Terrain

Meteorology and flight conditions change rapidlyObtain specialized trainingCFIs specialize in Mountainous FlightSurvival gear is a MUST

Hazardous Terrain – Open Water

Engine out procedures are more pronouncedObtain specialized trainingMost don’t learn until 135 or 121 trainingSurvival gear is required by

law (91.205(b)(12))

Taxiing in Wind

“Turn into or dive away from”Left quarter headwind – Turn into, neutral elevatorRight quarter headwind – Turn into, neutral elevatorLeft quarter tailwind – Turn away from, dive down

Right quarter tailwind – Turn away from, dive down

Taxiing in Wind

The Positive Exchange of Flight Controls

Importance of knowing who is flying the planePilot passing: “You have the flight controls”Pilot taking control: “I have the flight controls”Pilot passing: “You have the flight controls”

“My Airplane” is NO LONGER ACCEPTEDWhy?

The Sterile Cockpit

Airline rule below 10,000 feet:The flight deck will remain silent unless it is critical to the phase of flightWe will use this at Coast below 1000Violation shall face reprimand

Don’t be afraid to tell your instructor to be quiet

Aviation Safety Reporting System

If you see or do something unsafe, report itNASA ASRS formAnonymousCan mitigate or eliminate penalties from the FAADoesn’t erase from record, but suspends penalty

When should you fill one out?Who should fill one out?

Final Words on Safety

Safety is everyone’s responsibilityWe’re training you to be creatures of habitMake safety a habit"The best safety device in any aircraft is a well

-trained crew."