NADH b Two molecules of CO 2 are produced by the decarboxylation of isocitrate and α ketoglutarate Study Check 231 When one acetyl CoA moves through one turn of the citric acid cycle how many ID: 1038416
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1. Solutiona. One turn of the citric acid cycle produces three molecules of NADH.b. Two molecules of CO2 are produced by the decarboxylation of isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate.Study Check 23.1When one acetyl CoA moves through one turn of the citric acid cycle, how many FADH2 would be produced?Answerone FADH2When one acetyl CoA moves through one turn of the citric acid cycle, how many of each of the following is produced?a. NADH b. CO2Sample Problem 23.1 The Citric Acid Cycle
2. Solutiona. The loss of electrons is oxidation.b. The gain of an electron is reduction.Study Check 23.2What is the final substance that accepts electrons in electron transport?Answeroxygen (O2)Identify each of the following steps in electron transport as oxidation or reduction:a. CoQH2 → CoQ + 2H+ + 2 e− b. cyt c (Fe3+) + e− → cyt c (Fe2+)Sample Problem 23.2 Oxidation and Reduction
3. SolutionThe oxidation of NADH at complex I provides electrons and hydrogen ions (H+), which are pumped from the matrix into the intermembrane space eventually producing enough energy for the synthesis of 2.5 ATP molecules. However, FADH2 is oxidized at complex II, which provides energy for the synthesis of only 1.5 ATP molecules.Study Check 23.3How do hydrogen ions return to the matrix?AnswerHydrogen ions return to the matrix by passing through ATP synthase, complex V.Why does the oxidation of NADH provide energy for the formation of 2.5 ATP molecules, whereas FADH2 produces 1.5 ATP molecules?Sample Problem 23.3 ATP Synthesis
4. Solutiona. The oxidation of two pyruvate to two acetyl CoA produces two NADH, which yields five ATP. We calculate this as:2 NADH × 2.5 ATP/NADH = 5 ATPb. Seven ATP are produced, two by direct phosphorylation and five from the two NADH, when glucose is oxidized to two pyruvate. Five ATP (from two NADH) are synthesized from the oxidation of two pyruvate to two acetyl CoA. Thus, a total of 12 ATP are produced when glucose is oxidized to yield two acetyl CoA.Study Check 23.4What are the sources of ATP for two turns of the citric acid cycle?As Natalie is walking on the treadmill during her fitness test, how many ATP are produced during each of the following oxidations?a. two pyruvate to two acetyl CoAb. one glucose to two acetyl CoASample Problem 23.4 ATP Production
5. AnswerSix NADH provide 15 ATP, two FADH2 provide three ATP, and two direct phosphate transfers provide two ATP.ContinuedSample Problem 23.4 ATP Production