PPT-Purine alkaloids and

Protoalkaloids By Noor Hisham Al Atraqchi MSc pharmacognosy The purines are consisting of a sixmembered pyrimidine ring fused to a fivemembered imidazole ring three wellknown examples are . plants and microbes. Some important classes of . alkaloids. Class . Precursors. Examples . . Piperidine. alkaloids L-lysine (C. 5. N) . Piperine. Pyrrolidine. /. tropane. . alkaloids. . L-. DNA: Picture 51. http://info.bio.cmu.edu/courses/03231/ProtStruc/ProtStruc.htm. B-DNA: The advent of modeling. http://molvis.sdsc.edu/pdb/dna_b_form.pdb. 46 Å. . 12 base sequence. (1953-2003). DNA: Size, Shape & Self Assembly. OBJECTIVES:. Nomenclature of nucleic acids: . a. nucleosides*. . b. nucleotides. Structure . and function of . purines and pyrimidines. . Origin . of atoms in the purine . ring and in the pyrimidine ring.. Some important classes of . alkaloids. Class . Precursors. . Examples. . _____________. . Piperidine. alkaloids L-lysine (C. 5. N) . Piperine. Pyrrolidine. /. tropane. . alkaloids. . L-. ornithine. Purines are biologically synthesized as nucleotides and in particular as ribotides, i.e. bases attached to ribose-5-phosphate. . Purines are synthesized by two types of pathways, the de novo pathways and the salvage pathways.. Occurrence:. Opium is the air-dried . milky . exudate. , or latex, obtained by incising the mature unripe capsules of the . opium poppy. . Papaver. . somniferum. (Fam. . Papaveraceae. ). . Sources:. De Novo. Synthesis of . Purine. Nucleotides. We use for . purine. nucleotides the entire . glycine. molecule (atoms 4, 5,7), the amino nitrogen of . aspartate. (atom 1), amide nitrogen of glutamine (atoms 3, 9), components of the . Components of DNA. Sugar = Deoxyribose. Ribose is missing hydroxyl group (-. OH. ) from 2’C. Phosphate = PO. 4. 3-. Links to the sugar @ either its 3’C or its 5’C. Water (H. OH. ) is lost in the condensation reaction. . Atropa. , . Datura. , . and . Hyoscyamus. . spp.. Main Alkaloids are:. 1- Atropine. . 2- . Hyoscyamine. . . 3. . Hyoscine. (Scopolamine).. Hyoscyamine. is the major natural alkaloid with negative optical rotation (L- form).. One of the important specialized pathways of a number of amino acids is the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. . These nucleotides are important for a number of reasons. Most of them, not just ATP, are the sources of energy that drive most of our reactions.. İhsan . ÇALIŞ. References. . R. . Hänsel. &O. . Sticher. , . Pharmakognosie. , . Phytopharmazie. , . Springer. , . Heidelberg. 2007 . J. . Bruneton. , . Pharmacognosy. : . Phytochemistry. - . 3rd Class, 2nd Semester. They are ester alkaloids resulted from the coupling of organic acids with amino alcohol (Base).. Introduction. Tropane Alkaloids are classified into. :. . 1- . Solanaceous Tropane Alkaloids. INDOLE ALKALODS. a class of . alkaloid.  containing . a structural moiety of . indole. ; many . indole. alkaloids also include.  . isoprene.  groups and are thus called . terpene. . indole. . or . Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa. Mariana C. Almeida. 1,2. , .