/
Boundless Lecture Slides Boundless Lecture Slides

Boundless Lecture Slides - PowerPoint Presentation

bigboybikers
bigboybikers . @bigboybikers
Follow
343 views
Uploaded On 2020-06-17

Boundless Lecture Slides - PPT Presentation

Free to share print make copies and changes Get yours at wwwboundlesscom Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Using Boundless Presentations The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix ID: 780141

http boundless cnx org boundless http org cnx openstax inheritance free copies share www wiktionary latest chromosome print modern

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download The PPT/PDF document "Boundless Lecture Slides" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

Slide1

Boundless Lecture Slides

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform

Slide2

Using Boundless Presentations

The Appendix

The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience.

Free to edit, share, and copy

Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

Boundless Teaching Platform

Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources.

Get started now at:

If you have any questions or problems please email:

educators@boundless.com

http://

boundless.com

/teaching-platform

Slide3

Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website,

iOS

apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

About Boundless

Slide4

]

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage

Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

Slide5

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Distances

Identification of Chromosomes and Karyotypes Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

>

Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/modern-understandings-of-inheritance-13/chromosomal-theory-and-genetic-linkage-97/

Slide6

Disorders in Chromosome Number

Chromosomal Structural Rearrangements

X-Inactivation Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

>

Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/modern-understandings-of-inheritance-13/chromosomal-basis-of-inherited-disorders-98/

Slide7

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

Appendix

Slide8

Key terms

aneuploidy the state of possessing a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid numberautosome

any chromosome other than sex chromosomesautosome any chromosome other than sex chromosomesBarr body a sex chromosome inactivated by packing in heterochromatin

dosage compensation a genetic regulatory mechanism that equalizes the phenotypic expression of characteristics determined by genes on the X chromosome so that they are equally expressed in males and females.hemizygous having some single copies of genes in an otherwise diploid cell or organismhomologous recombination a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNAinversion a segment of DNA in the context of a chromosome that is reversed in orientation relative to a reference karyotype or genome

karyotype the observed characteristics (number, type, shape etc) of the chromosomes of an individual or specieslinkage

the property of genes of being inherited togethernondisjunction the failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during meiosissynapsis

the association of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes during the initial part of meiosis

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide9

translocation

a transfer of a chromosomal segment to a new position, especially on a nonhomologous chromosometranslocation a transfer of a chromosomal segment to a new position, especially on a nonhomologous chromosome

wild type the typical form of an organism, strain, gene or characteristic as it occurs in natureX inactivation a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide10

Reciprocal translocations do not involve loss of genetic information

A reciprocal translocation occurs when a segment of DNA is transferred from one chromosome to another, nonhomologous chromosome.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders. October 16, 2013."

CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m44483/latest/Figure_13_03_09.jpg

View on Boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide11

Inheritance Patterns of Unlinked and Linked Genes

In (a), two genes are located on different chromosomes so independent assortment occurs during meiosis. The offspring have an equal chance of being the parental type (inheriting the same combination of traits as the parents) or a nonparental type (inheriting a different combination of traits than the parents). In (b), two genes are very close together on the same chromosome so that no crossing over occurs between them. The genes are, therefore, always inherited together and all of the offspring are the parental type. In (c), two genes are far apart on the chromosome such that crossing over occurs during every meiotic event. The recombination frequency will be the same as if the genes were on separate chromosomes. (d) The actual recombination frequency of fruit fly wing length and body color that Thomas Morgan observed in 1912 was 17 percent. A crossover frequency between 0 percent and 50 percent indicates that the genes are on the same chromosome and crossover occurs some of the time.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage October 16, 2013."

CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m44481/latest/Figure_13_01_02.jpg

View on Boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide12

Sutton and Boveri

(a) Walter Sutton and (b) Theodor Boveri are credited with developing the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, which states that chromosomes carry the unit of heredity (genes).

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage October 16, 2013."

CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m44481/latest/Figure_13_01_01.jpg

View on Boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide13

Inversion heterozygotes

When one chromosome undergoes an inversion, but the other does not, one chromosome must form an inverted loop to retain point-for-point interaction during synapsis. This inversion pairing is essential to maintaining gene alignment during meiosis and to allow for recombination.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders. October 16, 2013."

CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m44483/latest/Figure_13_03_08.jpg

View on Boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide14

Genetic Maps

This genetic map orders Drosophila genes on the basis of recombination frequency.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage October 16, 2013."

CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m44481/latest/Figure_13_01_03.png

View on Boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide15

Nondisjunction in Meiosis

Nondisjunction occurs when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis, resulting in an abnormal chromosome number. Nondisjunction may occur during meiosis I or meiosis II.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders. October 16, 2013."

CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m44483/latest/Figure_13_03_02.png

View on Boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide16

A human karyotype

This karyotype is of a male human. Notice that homologous chromosomes are the same size, and have the same centromere positions and banding patterns. A human female would have an XX chromosome pair instead of the XY pair shown.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

Wikipedia.

"NHGRI human male karyotype."

Public domain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NHGRI_human_male_karyotype.png

View on Boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide17

Eye Color in Fruit Flies

In Drosophila, the gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome. Red eye color is wild type and is dominant to white eye color.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

OpenStax CNX.

"Robert Bear and David Rintoul, Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance. October 31, 2013."

CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m47304/latest/

View on Boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide18

Sex Chromosome Nondisjunction

The symptoms of Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) in a human male.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

Wikimedia.

"Klinefelter's syndrome."

CC BY

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Klinefelter's_syndrome.jpg

View on Boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide19

Inversions can be pericentric or paracentric

Pericentric inversions include the centromere, and paracentric inversions do not. A pericentric inversion can change the relative lengths of the chromosome arms; a paracentric inversion cannot.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders. October 16, 2013."

CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m44483/latest/Figure_13_03_07.jpg

View on Boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide20

Cri-du-chat Syndrome

This individual with cri-du-chat syndrome is shown at two, four, nine, and 12 years of age.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Biology. February 20, 2014."

CC BY-SA 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m44483/latest/?collection=col11448/latest

View on Boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide21

Attribution

Wiktionary.

"wild type." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wild_type

Wiktionary. "hemizygous." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hemizygous

Wiktionary.

"autosome." CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/autosome

OpenStax CNX. "Robert Bear and David Rintoul, Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance. October 31, 2013." CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m47304/latest/

Wikibooks.

"Structural Biochemistry/Chromosomes."

CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Chromosomes

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44481/latest/?collection=col11448/latestWiktionary.

"synapsis." CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/synapsisWiktionary.

"linkage." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/linkage

Wikipedia. "homologous recombination." CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/homologous%20recombinationOpenStax CNX. "OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44481/latest/?collection=col11448/latest

Wiktionary. "translocation." CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/translocation

Wiktionary.

"autosome."

CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/autosome

Wiktionary.

"karyotype."

CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/karyotype

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."

CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m44483/latest/?collection=col11448/latest

Wiktionary.

"nondisjunction."

CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nondisjunction

Wiktionary.

"aneuploidy."

CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aneuploidy

Wikibooks.

"Structural Biochemistry/Chromosomes."

CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Chromosomes

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance

Slide22

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."

CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44483/latest/?collection=col11448/latest

Wiktionary. "Barr body." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Barr_body

Wikipedia.

"dosage compensation." CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dosage%20compensation

Wiktionary. "X inactivation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/X+inactivation

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Biology. October 22, 2013."

CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m44483/latest/?collection=col11448/latest

OpenStax CNX.

"OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."

CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44483/latest/?collection=col11448/latestWiktionary.

"translocation." CC BY-SA 3.0

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/translocationWiktionary.

"inversion." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inversion

OpenStax CNX. "OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013." CC BY 3.0

http://cnx.org/content/m44483/latest/?collection=col11448/latest

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at

www.boundless.com

Modern Understandings of Inheritance