All cells take in food rid waste reproduce 3 main sections 1 Plasma membrane 2 Nucleus 3 Cytoplasm cytoplasm Cytoplasm Jellylike material inside of the cell Most organelles float within ID: 784614
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Slide1
Organelles of the Cell
Slide2Three Sections of the Cell
All cells take in food, rid waste, reproduce
3 main sections
1) Plasma membrane
2) Nucleus
3) Cytoplasm
cytoplasm
Slide3Cytoplasm
Jelly-like material inside of the cell
Most organelles float within
NucleusRibosomesVacuolesMitochondriaChloroplastsERGolgi BodyLysosomes
Slide4Cytoplasm
Jelly-like material inside of the cell
Most organelles float within
NucleusRibosomesVacuolesMitochondriaChloroplastsERGolgi BodyLysosomesDepartment of General Instrumentation (KUN) (E.S. Pierson, B. van der Linden)
Cytoplasmic streaming!
Slide5Cytoplasm
Jelly-like material inside of the cell
Most organelles float within
NucleusRibosomesVacuolesMitochondriaChloroplastsERGolgi BodyLysosomesJob: Help dissolve solutes & move materials around
Slide6Plasma Membrane
Aka: Cell Membrane
Composition
: Bilayer of lipids & proteinsJob: Allow materials to enter/exitSemi-Permeable: only specific materials may enter and exit through pores & protein channels – NOT EVERYTHING can pass through.
lipidlipid
lipidlipid
lipidlipid
lipid
lipid
lipid
lipid
lipid
lipid
lipid
lipid
lipid
lipid
lipid
lipid
Protein channel
glucose
glucose
glucose
glucose
O
H
H
lipid
lipid
O
O
Slide7Nucleus
Job
: Controls cell activity
Inside:
1)
Chromatinlong strands of DNAholds info to make proteins2) Nucleolus: makes ribosomes
nucleolus
nucleolus
Slide8Endoplasmic Reticulum
nucleolus
chromatin
n
uclear envelope
Rough ER
Receives ribosomes from the
nucleoulus
Job
: Tunnel system that transports protein making ribosomes
Slide9Rough ER
Receives ribosomes from the nucleus
Job
: Tunnel system that transports protein making ribosomes
Smooth ER
:makes fats & breaks down toxins (no ribosomes)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Slide10Created by nucleolus
Transported by the rough ER
Job
: make proteinsRibosomes
ribosomeAmino acid
Amino acidAmino acidAmino acidAmino acidAmino acidAmino acid
protein
ribosome
ribosome
ribosome
ribosome
ribosome
ribosome
Slide11Golgi Body
Job
: Modifies, sorts, & packages proteins
Proteins released inside a protective
vesicle
Slide121) Nucleolus makes ribosomes
2) Ribosome travels through rough ER making proteins
Nucleus
nucleolus
vesicle
protein
ribosome
Protein Shipment
Slide13vesicle
Protein Shipment
protein
ribosome
p
ro
teinpro
tei
n
Slide141) Nucleolus makes ribosomes
2) Ribosome travels through rough ER making proteins
3) Golgi Body sorts & packages the protein
4) Vesicle releases the protein from the cellProtein Shipment
vesicle
vesicleprotein
protein
Slide151) Nucleolus makes ribosomes
2) Ribosome travels through rough ER making proteins
3) Golgi Body sorts & packages the protein
4) Vesicle releases the protein from the cell
Protein Shipment
Slide161 minute: Discuss with
your neighbor
Which organelle builds proteins? ____________
Stores DNA? ____________Produces ribosomes? ___________Creates fats and breaks down toxins? ___________Packages and releases proteins from a cell? __________
Allows material to enter/exit a cell? ______________Links chains of amino acids together? ______________
Ribosome
NucleusNucleolus
Smooth ER
Golgi body
Cell membrane
Ribosome
Slide171 minute: Discuss with your
neighboor
Place the following steps of protein creation in order from start to finish….
A: Golgi body packages and exports the finished proteins in a vesicleB: Ribosomes travel along the rough ER and create proteinsC: Nucleolus makes ribosomesD: Ribosomes exit the nucleus
Slide18The Answer is….
Place the following steps of protein creation in order from start to finish….
C: Nucleolus makes ribosomes
D: Ribosomes exit the nucleusB: Ribosomes travel along the rough ER and create proteinsA: Golgi body packages and exports the finished proteins in a vesicle
Slide19Mitochondria
Job
: Create ATP (energy molecule) in a process called cellular respiration
Endosymbiosis theory
: once free living organisms that became parts of modern cells
Evidence:
Own DNA & ribosomesMake proteinsReplicate
Slide20Endosymbiosis
Mitochondria ancestor
A large predator cell devours the mitochondria ancestor
Mitochondria survive and divide
The predator cell divides, splitting apart the mitochondria
The process continues. Overtime, the two are dependent on each other.
Slide21Lysosome
cell
p
r
o
t
e
i
n
protein
Lysosome
(with enzymes inside)
Contain digestive enzymes
Jobs
:
1)
Break down
food
Slide22White blood cell
Lysosome
Lysosome
(with enzymes inside)
Contain digestive enzymes
Jobs
:1) Break down food2) Kill pathogens
Slide23Lysosome
Contain digestive enzymes
Jobs
:
1) Break down food2) Kill
pathogens3) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell
Slide24Cilia & Flagella
Job
: movement
Cilia
= short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella
= long whip-like extension (very few)Sperm cells swim with their flagellum
flagellum
Slide25Cilia & Flagella
Job
: movement
Cilia
= short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella
= long whip-like extension (very few)Fertilized egg grows into a fetus
Slide26Cilia & Flagella
Job
: movement
Cilia
= short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
9 months later…
Slide27Cilia & Flagella
Job
: movement
Cilia
= short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
14 years later…
Slide28Cilia & Flagella
Job
: movement
Cilia
= short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
4 years later…
Slide29Cilia & Flagella
Job
: movement
Cilia
= short hair-like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)
Slide30Cell Wall
Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells
plants
fungi
bacteria
Slide31Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells
Job
: Adds support for growth
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Cell Wall
Slide32Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells
Job
: Adds support for growth
Made of tough celluloseHard to digestWitnessed by Robert Hooke in 1665Cell Wall
Slide33Job
: Perform photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Several dozen plant cells… lets zoom in
chloroplasts
Slide34Job
: Perform photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Look for them flowing in the cytoplasm during our lab activity!
Slide35Job
: Perform photosynthesis
Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight & convert water and CO2 into sugars
Chloroplast
Slide36Job
: Perform photosynthesis
Chlorophyll molecules absorb sunlight & convert water and CO2 into sugars
Endosymbiosis theory: were once free living organisms that became parts of modern cellsEvidence:Own DNA and ribosomesMake proteinsReplicateChloroplast
Chloroplast ancestor
Slide37Job
: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments
Plant cells: Large central vacuole
Vacuole
vacuole
Slide38Job
: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments
Plant cells: Large central vacuole
Vacuole
Central
Vacuole
Cytoplasmic streaming
Slide39Job
: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments
Plant cells: Large central vacuole
Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuolesVacuole
vacuoles
Slide40Job
: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments
Plant cells: Large central vacuole
Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuolesVacuole
Slide41Cell Warm-Up
Which number is the nucleolus?
The Rough ER?
The Smooth ER?Which number makes ribosomes?Which number is the solvent inside of cells?Which number modifies and exports proteins from the cell?
Slide42Which number contains chromatin?
Which number sends proteins to the Golgi body?
Which number builds ribosomes?
Which number breaks down toxins and helps build fats?Which number is called selectively permeable as it allows some items to pass but not all items?2 (nucleus)5 (rough ER)1 (nucleolus)
8 (smooth ER)12 (plasma membrane)
Slide43Quiz
Pick an organelle…any organelle. Describe its function.
Name 7 organelles that can be found within the cytoplasm.
Describe the pathway that proteins travel from creation to exportation.List various reasons to help support the theory of endosymbiosis.Name two organelles that plant cells have and animal cells do not.Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells?Which organelle converts sunlight into sugar?Which organelle creates ribosomes?Which organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release proteins?Which molecule holds the information to make a protein?