Agenda for Wednesday Feb 22 nd Finish macromolecules Cells Cell Theory Anton van Leewenhoek Created a microscope Saw living things in milk pond water etc Matthias Schlieden Looked at plants and concluded they were composed of cells ID: 532432
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Slide1
What is a polysaccharide? Monosaccharide?
Agenda for Wednesday Feb 22
nd
Finish macromolecules
CellsSlide2
Cell Theory
Anton van
Leewenhoek
Created a microscope
Saw living things in milk, pond water, etc
Matthias
Schlieden
Looked at plants and concluded they were composed of cells
Theodore Schwann
Animals composed of cells
Rudolph Virchow
All cells come from existing cellsSlide3
Cell Theory
Robert Hooke
Made simple microscope
Looked at cork
observed small box like structures
Called them cellulae (small rooms) = cellsSlide4
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Created a microscope
Saw
living things in milk, pond water,
etcSlide5
Matthias Schleiden
Studies plant tissues and concluded that all plants are composed of cellsSlide6
Theodor Schwann
Animals tissues consist of cellsSlide7
Rudolph Virchow
Proposed that all cells are produced from existing cellsSlide8Slide9
Cell Theory
All living things are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms
Cells arise only from previously existing cellsSlide10
Cell Organelles
Organelle
= “little organ”
Found only inside
eukaryotic
cells
Main point of a cell is to make proteinsSlide11
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes
Small
and simple
Circular DNANo nucleus or organellesUsually unicellular
Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotes
Higher level organisms and function
plants, animals
Nucleus with linear DNA
Many organelles
** Organelles – specialized structures in cells that carryout specific functionsSlide12Slide13
Viruses
Neither living or non-living
Take on characteristics of hosts/infected cell
Made up of protein coat and DNASlide14
Size of Cells
Smallest= prokaryote
Eukaryotic = largestSlide15
Organelles in the Cell
Plasma (cell) membrane
Controls what enters and leaves cell
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Cytoplasm -
Jelly like substance filling the inside of a cell that hold organellesSlide16
Cell Wall – plants and fungi only
Located
outside
of the cell membrane
Rigid
, protective barrierPlants’ = cellulose Fungi = chitinSlide17
Nucleus - contains DNA
DNA – instructions needed to produce proteins
Chromatin
Nucleolus – within nucleus
Makes ribosomes
Nucleoplasma – liquid within nucleusSlide18
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Single, continuous membrane
Pipes, tubes and tunnels in cell
Superhighway of the cell
2 kinds:
Rough ER Ribosomes (all cells)Smooth ER – no ribosomesSlide19
Ribosome
Site of protein
synthesis
Found attached to rough ER or floating free
Produced
in nucleolusSlide20
Golgi Apparatus
Looks like a stack of plates
Stores, modifies and packages
proteins
The UPS of the
cellMolecules transported by means of vesiclesSlide21
Mitochondria
Produces energy for the cell via
respiration
Cell's "power house“
Converts sugars into energy (ATP)
Composed of 2 membranesSlide22
Chloroplasts
Found only in
green
plant cells and algae
Site of photosynthesis
Use the sun’s energy and convert to chemical energyContain pigment chlorophyllSlide23
Plastids
Chromoplasts
– that produce
and store
pigmentsother than chloroplastsflowers, leaves, roots and ripe fruitsLeucoplast – starch storageSlide24
Vacuoles
Storage container for water, food,
enzymes
, wastes, pigments, etc
.
PlantsLysosomes &PeroxisomesContain digestive enzymesBreakdown cell's food and wastesSlide25
Cilia/Flagella
**Help move cell
Cilia – all over cell, smaller
Flagella – longer projectionsSlide26
Other cell parts
Cytoskeleton
Framework inside cell
Support and movement
Centrioles
cell divisionFound only in animal cellsSlide27
Plant vs. Animal Cell
Plant Cells
Cell Wall
And cell membrane
Chloroplasts
Large vacuolesRarely have lysosomes
Animal Cells
Cell membrane only
Small or absent vacuoles
Centriole
Lysosome
All other organelles are the same in each cell
***Both are eukaryotic!!Slide28Slide29Slide30
Animal Cell
Plant CellSlide31
Cells have some things in common
Cell
membrane
Genetic
material
(DNA/RNA)RibosomesSlide32
Cell Membrane
Allows nutrients into and waste out of cell
Homeostasis
Selective Permeability – only allows some stuff to pass throughSlide33
Structure of the Plasma Membrane
Fluid-mosaic model
- phospholipid bilayer which molecules can float and move around
Components are in constant motionSlide34
Phospholipid Bilayer
Two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group (head)
The phosphate group is polar (
hydrophilic
), likes water
The tails are nonpolar (
hydrophobic
), dislikes water
Form a bilayerSlide35Slide36
Flexibility of Membrane
The fatty acid tails are flexible, causing fluidity
Cells are flexible
At body temperature, membranes are a liquid
Similar to cooking oilSlide37
Components of the Membrane
Cholesterol
Hydrophilic end and hydrophobic end
Makes membrane less permeable
Increases fluidity
Proteins scattered throughout membraneInner
: anchor membrane to cell = shape
Outer
: send and receive signals
Embedded
: move substances in and out of cellSlide38
Other Components of the Membrane
Carbohydrates
Stick out from membrane
Provide shape
Help identify chemical signalsSlide39Slide40
Whiteboard questionsSlide41
What
does the cell membrane do?
Who
was the first
to
say that cells come from other cells?What did Schwann do?
What are tiny parts of the cell called?
What is made up of cells?Slide42
6. What do all cells have in common?
7. Who said
that plants
were made
up of cells?
8. Who was the guy who was the first to look at living cells?9. What is the cell theory?
10. What
are you, a prokaryote or eukaryote?
Why
?Slide43
11. What do ribosomes do?
12. Name
two organelles only found in plants.
13. What
does the mitochondria do?Slide44
Lab Reminders
Need less than a drop of methylene blue
Onion and cheek need blue
Do NOT gouge your cheek and create blood
Potato = iodineSlide45
45Slide46
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_zD3NxSsD8
http://
www.bozemanscience.com/a-tour-of-the-cell
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8 Slide47
Cell Review
Cell Review
Questions 14-18, 22, 38-46 starting on page 175
Questions 3 & 5 on page 186
Questions 1-5 on Page 190
Questions 1,2,4,5 on Page 200Slide48
Organelle Posters
Cell Theory
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Nucleolus
RibosomeVacuoleEndoplasmic ReticulumCell WallCentriole
Chloroplast
Cilia/flagella
Cytoskeleton
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome
/
peroxisome
Who discovered and when
Function and description Location in cell
Type of cell Picture