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Cell Theory & Cell Organelles Cell Theory & Cell Organelles

Cell Theory & Cell Organelles - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2018-03-17

Cell Theory & Cell Organelles - PPT Presentation

1 Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure amp function Cells come from preexisting cells Scientists Who Formed the Cell Theory ID: 654790

cells cell amp nucleus cell cells nucleus amp membrane plants organelles ribosomes small single free organisms chloroplasts complex animals

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Slide1

Cell Theory & Cell OrganellesSlide2

1. Cell Theory

All

living things are made of

cells.Cells are the basic unit of structure & function.Cells come from pre-existing cells.Slide3

Scientists Who Formed the Cell Theory

Robert

Hooke:

Observed cork and coined the word “cell”.Anton von Leeuwenhoek: Invented the microscope.Matthias

Schleiden

:

all plants

are made of cells.”

Theodor

Schwann:

“all animals are made of cells.”

Rudolf

Virchow:

“cells come from pre-existing cells.”

Robert

Brown:

Discovered the nucleus.Slide4

2. Cell Size

A.

Small cells function more efficiently than large cells.B. If a cell’s surface to volume ratio

is too

low

, substances can not easily

enter

or leave the cell. Smallest cell – mycoplasma largest – ostrich egg yolkSlide5
Slide6

3. Two Types of Cells

Prokaryotic-

small,

simple. Only bacteria cells.Eukaryotic- large, complex. All cells except bacteria (includes animals, plants, fungi,

protists

)Slide7

4. Comparing & Contrasting Cell Types

Prokaryotes vs.________

Single Cellular

Lack a nucleus

No membrane bound-organelles

Single Chromosomes

No Cytoplasmic Streaming

Simple Flagella

Can live in a broad range of environments

Contain Cell wall

Lack internal Support

Eukaryotes

Single/Multi-Cellular

Nucleus

Membrane bound organelles

Chromosome pairs

Cytoplasmic streaming

Complex flagella

Cannot live in broad range

Most DO NOT contain cell walls

Contain Cytoskeleton for internal support

Similarities:

Nuclear Material (DNA/RNA)

Have a Cell Membrane

Have Cytoplasm

Have RibosomesSlide8

Cell OrganellesSlide9

5. Eukaryotic Organelles

Organelle

:

tiny, specialized structure that carries out 1 or more specific functions. Cell Membrane: PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER-maintains homeostasis

& protects the cell

.

 

Cell

Wall: Protective outermost layer. Plants and Fungi ONLY!!

Cytoplasm (

Cytosol):

fills up the space between nucleus and plasma membrane. “this is the goop of the cell.”

.

Cytoskeleton

– Network of protein filaments that support and aid in movementSlide10

Nucleus

:

“brain” of the cell. (genetic

control, regulates growth, metabolism & reproduction)Nucleolus: makes ribosomes. Nuclear Envelope (membrane):

protects the

nucleus from the cytoplasm

.

 

Chromosomes/chromatin: contain heredity info.Nuclear Pores- openings in the nucleusSlide11

Endoplasmic

Reticulum

(ER):

make & transport proteins & lipids Rough- has ribosomes attached, makes proteins.

Smooth-

no ribosomes,

makes lipids

Golgi Apparatus: packages and ships

proteins.

Vessicles-

small sacs that hold/transport

substances

Lysosome

:

recycles/digests

wastes;

disinfects cell

.

 

Vacuole

:

stores food and water (larger in plants.)

.Slide12

Chloroplasts

:

turns sunlight into free energy in

PLANTS ONLY! photosynthesis-contains a green pigment

(

chlorophyll

)

Mitochondria: “power house” of the cell.

Turns food

into free energy.

 

Centrioles

:

aid cellular reproduction in

ANIMALS

Flagella

:

whip-like

tail used for movement

.

 

Cilia

:

short hairs used for movement. Slide13

6. Plant Cell vs

Animal Cell

Plant vs Animal CellsSquarish Shape Round or various shapes

Have Chloroplasts

No

chloroplasts

Contain Cell

Walls No Cell wallLarge Vacuole Small VacuoleHave Plastids No Plastids Have Lysosome Have Lysosome Slide14

7. Cell Specialization

A. The

design

and shape of a cell is determined by its function and the conditions

under which it works.

B.

Unicellular

organisms tend to have fairly complex cells, which makes sense considering that these organisms must depend on only one cell to do everything.

C. Multicellular organisms exhibit

much greater specialization.

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