1 Cell Theory All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure amp function Cells come from preexisting cells Scientists Who Formed the Cell Theory ID: 654790
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Slide1
Cell Theory & Cell OrganellesSlide2
1. Cell Theory
All
living things are made of
cells.Cells are the basic unit of structure & function.Cells come from pre-existing cells.Slide3
Scientists Who Formed the Cell Theory
Robert
Hooke:
Observed cork and coined the word “cell”.Anton von Leeuwenhoek: Invented the microscope.Matthias
Schleiden
:
“
all plants
are made of cells.”
Theodor
Schwann:
“all animals are made of cells.”
Rudolf
Virchow:
“cells come from pre-existing cells.”
Robert
Brown:
Discovered the nucleus.Slide4
2. Cell Size
A.
Small cells function more efficiently than large cells.B. If a cell’s surface to volume ratio
is too
low
, substances can not easily
enter
or leave the cell. Smallest cell – mycoplasma largest – ostrich egg yolkSlide5Slide6
3. Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic-
small,
simple. Only bacteria cells.Eukaryotic- large, complex. All cells except bacteria (includes animals, plants, fungi,
protists
)Slide7
4. Comparing & Contrasting Cell Types
Prokaryotes vs.________
Single Cellular
Lack a nucleus
No membrane bound-organelles
Single Chromosomes
No Cytoplasmic Streaming
Simple Flagella
Can live in a broad range of environments
Contain Cell wall
Lack internal Support
Eukaryotes
Single/Multi-Cellular
Nucleus
Membrane bound organelles
Chromosome pairs
Cytoplasmic streaming
Complex flagella
Cannot live in broad range
Most DO NOT contain cell walls
Contain Cytoskeleton for internal support
Similarities:
Nuclear Material (DNA/RNA)
Have a Cell Membrane
Have Cytoplasm
Have RibosomesSlide8
Cell OrganellesSlide9
5. Eukaryotic Organelles
Organelle
:
tiny, specialized structure that carries out 1 or more specific functions. Cell Membrane: PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER-maintains homeostasis
& protects the cell
.
Cell
Wall: Protective outermost layer. Plants and Fungi ONLY!!
Cytoplasm (
Cytosol):
fills up the space between nucleus and plasma membrane. “this is the goop of the cell.”
.
Cytoskeleton
– Network of protein filaments that support and aid in movementSlide10
Nucleus
:
“brain” of the cell. (genetic
control, regulates growth, metabolism & reproduction)Nucleolus: makes ribosomes. Nuclear Envelope (membrane):
protects the
nucleus from the cytoplasm
.
Chromosomes/chromatin: contain heredity info.Nuclear Pores- openings in the nucleusSlide11
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(ER):
make & transport proteins & lipids Rough- has ribosomes attached, makes proteins.
Smooth-
no ribosomes,
makes lipids
Golgi Apparatus: packages and ships
proteins.
Vessicles-
small sacs that hold/transport
substances
Lysosome
:
recycles/digests
wastes;
disinfects cell
.
Vacuole
:
stores food and water (larger in plants.)
.Slide12
Chloroplasts
:
turns sunlight into free energy in
PLANTS ONLY! photosynthesis-contains a green pigment
(
chlorophyll
)
Mitochondria: “power house” of the cell.
Turns food
into free energy.
Centrioles
:
aid cellular reproduction in
ANIMALS
Flagella
:
whip-like
tail used for movement
.
Cilia
:
short hairs used for movement. Slide13
6. Plant Cell vs
Animal Cell
Plant vs Animal CellsSquarish Shape Round or various shapes
Have Chloroplasts
No
chloroplasts
Contain Cell
Walls No Cell wallLarge Vacuole Small VacuoleHave Plastids No Plastids Have Lysosome Have Lysosome Slide14
7. Cell Specialization
A. The
design
and shape of a cell is determined by its function and the conditions
under which it works.
B.
Unicellular
organisms tend to have fairly complex cells, which makes sense considering that these organisms must depend on only one cell to do everything.
C. Multicellular organisms exhibit
much greater specialization.
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