Lesson Objectives Describe the structure of an animal and prokaryotic cell AO1 C Starter RECAP from GCSE Draw amp label a typical plant and animal cell Cells All cells have an internal structure known as the ID: 418497
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Slide1
3: Organelles and their structures
Lesson Objectives:
Describe the structure of an animal and prokaryotic cell.
(AO1:
C)
Slide2
StarterRECAP from GCSE
Draw & label a typical
plant
and animal cellSlide3
CellsAll cells have an internal structure known as the
ultra structure
.
2 types of cell
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus and possess membrane bound organelles.Slide4
Eukaryotic CellsSlide5
The NucleusContains genetic material and controls cell activity. Made up of:
The nuclear envelope
– double membrane that controls material entry and exit
Nuclear pores
– allows large molecules like mRNA out of the nucleus
Chromatin –
made of proteins and DNA. Controls the cell activity
Nucleolus
– makes ribosomesSlide6
The NucleusNucleus functions:
Produce mRNA for
protein
synthesis
Retain genetic material in the form of DNA or chromosomes
Manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomesSlide7
MitochondriaMitochondria are the main organelles involved in
respiration
so
are responsible for the production of the energy carrier molecule ATP
.Slide8
MitochondriaDouble membrane
– outer controls flow of materials in/out
Cristae
– extensions of inner membrane. Increased SA for attachment of
enzymes
Matrix
– Semi rigid. Contains protein, lipid and trace DNA. Also the site of the Krebs cycleSlide9
Endoplasmic ReticulumSystem of sheet-like membranes throughout the cytoplasm
Continuous with the
outer
nuclear membraneSlide10
Endoplasmic Reticulum2 types of endoplasmic reticulum
Rough ER
–
ribosomes on surface
Large SA for protein synthesis
Pathway to transport proteins out of cell
Smooth ER
–
no
ribosomesSynthesises, stores and transports lipidsSynthesises, stores and transports carbohydratesSlide11Slide12
Golgi ApparatusStructure is similar to S-ER, just more compact.
Flattened stacks of membranes with rounded structures called
vesicles.
Proteins and lipids produced by R-ER pass through the
golgi
apparatus to me modified.
Once sorted, proteins and lipids are transported in vesicles that fuse with the cell surface membrane to release their contentsSlide13
Golgi ApparatusSlide14
Golgi ApparatusFunctions:
Adds carbohydrate to protein to make
glycoproteins
Produces secretory enzymes
Secretes carbohydrates
Transports and modifies lipids
Forms
lysosomesSlide15
LysosomesFormed from Golgi Apparatus and contain enzymes. They isolate these potentially harmful enzymes from the rest of the cell
.
Breakdown material ingested by phagocytic cells, such as white blood cells
Release enzymes to the outside of the cell
Digest worn out
organelles
Break down cells when they have diedSlide16
LysosomesSlide17
RibosomesFound in cytoplasm or on R-ER
Have 2 sub-units containing RNA and protein
Important in protein synthesis
2 types:80S type – eukaryotic cells about 25nm diameter
70S
type – prokaryotic cells (smaller)Slide18
Microvilli
Finger-like projections of epithelial cells to increase surface area for absorptionSlide19