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Principal Parts of Verbs Principal Parts of Verbs

Principal Parts of Verbs - PowerPoint Presentation

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Principal Parts of Verbs - PPT Presentation

All Latin verbs have 4 principal parts These parts tell you about the verb what conjugation it belongs to what the perfect stem is how different tenses will be formed The 4 Principal Parts are ID: 803656

translate perfect conjugation verb perfect translate verb conjugation present infinitive parts principal stem form active tells belong practice carry

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Slide1

Principal Parts of Verbs

All Latin verbs have 4 principal parts.

These parts tell you about the verb:

what conjugation it belongs to

what the perfect stem is

how different tenses will be formed

Slide2

The 4 Principal Parts are:

Present

Active Indicative 1

st

Person Singular

Infinitive

(Present Active)

Perfect

Active Indicative 1

st

Person Singular

Perfect Passive Participle

(We will not be learning the 4

th

principal part until next year)

Slide3

Example 1:

porto

,

portare

,

portavi

,

portatus

– carry

1.

porto

present

= I carry

2.

portare

infinitive

= to carry

3.

portavi

perfect

= I carried

4.

portatus

perfect passive participle

=

having been carried

Slide4

Example 2:

mitto

,

mittere

,

misi

, missus– send

1.

mitto

present

= I send

2.

mittere

infinitive

= to send

3.

misi

perfect

= I sent

4. missus –

perfect passive participle

=

having been sent

Slide5

What do PP’s tell us?

The 1

st

pp tells us the 1

st

person singular present tense active indicative.

The 2

nd

pp tells us the infinitive (i.e. “to do” form) of the verb.

The 3

rd

pp tells us the stem for perfect tense.

Slide6

Infinitives are key!

The 2

nd

pp, or infinitive, also tells us the conjugation of the verb. Look at the ending …

-are

= 1

st

Conjugation

-

ēre

= 2

nd

Conjugation

- ere

= 3

rd

Conjugation

- ire

= 4

th

Conjugation

All others are irregular

This will also determine stem and linking vowels for present and imperfect (to be learned later).

Slide7

Practice Using Principal Parts

Given the verb audio,

audire

,

audivi

,

auditus

– hear

1. What is the infinitive? How does it translate?

audire

= to hear

2. What is the

perfect?

How does it translate?

audivi

= I heard

3. To what conjugation does this verb belong?

4

th

because of –ire ending of the 2

nd

pp

4. Which form

is the

present? How does it translate?

audio

= I hear

Slide8

Practice Using Principal Parts

Given the verb

capio

,

capere

,

cepi

,

captus

- take

1. What is the infinitive? How does it translate?

capere

= to take

2. What

gives us the perfect stem?

How does it translate?

cepi

= I took

3. To what conjugation does this verb belong?

3

rd

because of –ere ending of the 2

nd

pp

4. Which form

is the

present? How does it translate?

capio

– I take

Slide9

Practice Using Principal Parts

Given the verb do, dare,

dedi

,

datus

- give

1. What is the present? How does it translate?

do = I give

2. What is the infinitive? How does it translate?

dare = to give

3. To what conjugation does this verb belong?

1

st

because of –are ending of the 2

nd

pp

4. Which form gives us the perfect stem? How does it translate?

dedi

= I gave

Slide10

Practice Using Principal Parts

Given the verb sum,

esse

,

fui

,

futurus

- be

1. What is the present? How does it translate?

sum = I am

2. What is the infinitive? How does it translate?

esse

= to be

3. To what conjugation does this verb belong?

irregular

4. Which form gives us the perfect stem? How does it translate?

fui

= I have been