Parts of Speech How To Build A Beautiful Sentence - PowerPoint Presentation

Parts of Speech How To Build A Beautiful Sentence noun verb adverb article preposition adjective conjunction pronoun by Laura Jensen

Get to know each one: What is it like? What is it best at? What can’t it do? Each part of speech is unique! noun preposition verb conjunction adjective adverb pronoun article

Part I: Nouns & Verbs Start here! End here! Beautiful English ! nouns & verbs

Someone is always doing something! Superman, a beautiful woman, the bad guys flying, saving, lifting, shooting, fainting, escaping Nouns Verbs

Minimum Requirements for a Sentence? 1 Noun+ 1 Verb = 1 ClauseAnd every sentence has at least one clause. Time flies. My teacher adores grammar. These students are very intelligent. The baby is sleeping.

Meet the Verb! Action! But also non-action… Kick! Jump! Score! I know what a verb is!

Some Examples: Go Drive Make Cook Work Study Be Know Like Seem Cost Need Action verbs Non-action verbs (also called non-progressive or stative verbs) Remember: Non-action verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses !

Learn when to use each form! Verbs have five forms Base Form They like to go out to dinner. -s Form He likes to go out to dinner. PastWe cooked dinner at home last night. Past Participle We have already eaten lunch. Present Participle My family is eating dinner right now.

Tense : past, present, futureAgreement: Remember to use that –s form! Auxiliaries are helping verbs: do, be, have, and modalsLinking verbs: the “equal sign” verbs Transitive or Intransitive: Does the verb take an object ?Voice: active or passive (Is the subject doing the action ?) Other useful things to know about verbs: review new

Find the verbs in these sentences: How much can you tell me about each of these verbs? Tense?Five forms?Agreement? Helping verbs?Linking?Transitive? Laura is a teacher.Laura is teaching ESL 042 now. Laura loves teaching!Laura is picky.Laura teaches enthusiastically. Laura has taught at NSC since 1991.Does Laura teach other ESL classes?ESL 042 is taught by other teachers, too. My students can visit me in my office.

Meet the Noun!

Proper or Common: Is it a name? Count or Non-count: Can I make it plural?Nouns Do Jobs : They can be subjects, objects, etc. Other things to know about nouns

Nouns: Proper or Common ? a universitya community collegea citymy professor his native countrythe zooa history classour family doctor The University of WashingtonNorth Seattle CollegeSeattleProfessor Collins EthiopiaWoodland Park ZooModern European History 101Doctor Zhivago Common NounsProper Nouns: Capitalize them!

Nouns: Count or Non-count ? an applethree ringsmany chairsmy glassesthese cars [a piece of] fruitsome jewelrya lot of furnituremy coffee this trafficCount Non-count: Note: many + plural count noun much + non-count noun (neg.) few + plural count noun less + non-count noun Don’t add -s some, enough, a lot of

Never make them plural! Three Common Non-Count Nouns Information Homework Advice - s I’ve gotten rather tired of correcting these three nouns…yawn…

Noun Jobs

Noun Jobs: Laura teaches ESL to her amazing students.

Noun Jobs: The dog is chasing a child around the garden.

Complement —something that completes. Subject complements follow linking verbs. A subject complement completes the idea of the subject: the subject and its complement refer to one person or thing. What about subject complements? Laura is a teacher. Laura = teacherThose women are my classmates. women = classmatesThe man in the grey suit is his doctor . man = doctor subject subject complement Links

Noun is the name of one part of speechSubject, Object , & Subject Complement are the names of jobs that nouns can do in a sentence. Nouns do Noun Jobs Noun Jobs are different from Parts of Speech!

Part II: Now shake hands with six more! articles adjectivesadverbs prepositionspronounsconjunctions These parts of speech modify: they give more information about other words. These parts of speech relate or connect things to other things:

Prepositions Prepositions show a relationship between a noun and another part of the sentence. Sometimes, the relationship is spatial.

To Learn More about Prepositions: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/prepositions.htm http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/594/01/ Crazy Giant List of Prepositions: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_prepositions

Pronouns replace other nouns A pronoun is a word that is used to represent a noun. Pronoun means for-a-noun. Pronouns must agree in number and gender with the nouns they stand for. The noun that a pronoun replaces is called its antecedent. Like nouns, pronouns do noun jobs in a sentence: they act as subjects, objects, etc.

Pronouns come in lots of yummy flavors: Personal Pronouns Indefinite Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Demonstrative Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Relative Pronouns Interrogative Pronouns

Personal Pronouns IYou He, she, itWeYouTheyMeYou Him, her, itUsYouThemSubject Pronouns Object Pronouns Like all nouns, pronouns do jobs in a sentence.

Pronoun or Adjective? If it replaces a noun and does a noun job, I call it a pronoun. If it modifies a noun, then I call it an adjective.The comic to the left is full of possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives .Which is which?

give us information about nouns & pronouns: The weather is beautiful today.This is an interesting class.I have a sweet little cat. Adjectives… Annie meow

Fun Facts about Adjectives: Adjectives have three degrees of comparison: the positive—bigthe comparative —biggerthe superlative—the biggest Participles can be used as adjectives:This is an interesting class, so the students are never bored!Nouns can also function as adjectives:The fire alarm rang loudly.He wrote a newspaper article about his adventure.

Use enough to make your writing interesting—exciting, never bland. Don’t use so many spicy adjectives that you can’t taste the nouns and verbs. Adjectives add spice to your writing.

Use adjectives to describe Laura’s garden: Colorful CrowdedWildExoticAbundantFragrantOvergrownExuberant

Learn More about Adjectives http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/adjectives.htm Note: This site considers articles to be a kind of adjective, but I group articles in a separate part of speech.

Articles This is the easiest part of speech to learn! A AnThe Like adjectives, articles accompany nouns. Articles are a piece of cake!

Use An Before a Vowel Sound You should bring an umbrella. He will study at a university. She wants to find a husband.She hopes to marry an ho nest man.He is an NSC student.

Which article should I use?

Adverbs Oh no! Not adverbs ! I’m afraid it’s true: Adverbs are more complicated than adjectives or articles…

… but that’s only because adverbs are so incredibly versatile! Adverbs can modify: verbsadjectivesadverbs and even whole sentences! verbs adjectives adverbssentences

Adverbs tell us: why? when? where? how? how often? s omething happens.

Because I was so hungry, I ate too quickly. Adverbs can do lots of cool stuff. The adverb so modifies the adjective hungry. The adverb too modifies the adverb quickly. The adverb quickly modifies the verb ate.

So let’s show adverbs a little respect, please! They really work hard to help us communicate.

Conjunctions Con- = with, togetherjunct = act of joining }conjunctions let us combine words, phrases, and clauses 1. Laura enjoys teaching, gardening, and cooking. (3 words) 2. She has lived in Washington State since 1990 and has taught at NSC since 1991. (2 phrases) 3 . Laura likes to visit California , but she prefers to live in Washington . (2 clauses) Bonus Question: What is a parallel structure?

Coordinating Conjunctions F or A ndN orButO rYetSo Fan Boys

Use conjunctions to combine two clauses into one sentence. Co ordinating—Two equal clauses Subordinating—Two unequal clauses Two Independent Clauses One Clause is Dependent

after although asbecausebeforeif since thoughunlessuntilwhen while After you learn the parts of speech, you will understand English better. You will understand English better after you learn the parts of speech.If you yawn in my class, I will have a heart attack. You should understand nouns and verbs before you try to learn the other parts of speech. You won’t move up to ESL 051 unless your grade in ESL 042 is at least 75%. Subordinating Conjunctions

Analyze this sentence: Maria has studied very hard lately because she wants an excellent grade in her English class.

Independent Clause & Dependent Clause S S Maria has studied very hard lately because she noun verb verb adverb adv adv conjunction pron DO Obj/prepwants an excellent grade in her English class. verb article adj noun prep adj adj noun

Once You Know How to Use These Building Blocks, You Can Build Anything!