Literary texts are different from all other types of text because authors dont have to respect any standard conventions at all Basically ID: 551344
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Slide1
13. LITERARY TEXTS
Literary
texts
are
different
from
all
other
types
of text
because
authors
don’t
have
to
respect
any
standard
conventions
at
all
.
Basically
,
there
are no
rules
;
each
individual
author
writes
what
s
/he
wants
and
how
s
/
he
wants
.
The
translator
has
to “
get
into
the head” of the
author
of the source text and produce a target text
that
reflects
his
/
her
intentions
.
Read Taylor
pp
117-121.
We
cannot
list the
characteristics
of
literary
texts
because
anything
is
possible
,
but
one
tendency
we
can
identify
is
the use of
cataphoric
reference
.Slide2
We
have
seen
how
journalistic
texts
use
anaphora
:
all
the
key
information
is
given
in the
h
eadline
,
lead
and first
paragraph
.
Subsequent
paragraphs
refer
back
to information
already
given
and
provide
further
details
.
Earnest
Hemingway’s
story
The
Snows
of
Kilimanjaro
begins
:
“The
marvellous
thing
is
that
it’s
painless
,” he
said
.
We
don’t
know
who
he
is
or
what
it
refers
to.
This
is
cataphora
; the
two
pronouns
refer
forward
to information
that
will
be
revealed
later
.
Why
do
you
think
fiction
writers
use
cataphora
?
In
what
genres
of
literature
do
you
think
it
is
particularly
important
?Slide3
“The
marvellous
thing
is
that
it’s
painless
,” he
said
. “
That’s
how
you
know
when
it
starts
.”
“
Is
it
really
?”
“
Absolutely
.
I’m
awfully
sorry
about
the
odour
,
though
.
That
must
bother
you
.”
“
Don’t
!
Please
don’t
.”
“Look
at
them
,” he
said
. “
Now
is
it
sight
or
is
it
scent
that
brings
them
like
that
?”
The
cot
the man
lay
on
was
in the wide
shade
of a mimosa
tree
and
as
he
looked
out
past
the
shade
on to the
glare
of the
plain
there
were
three
of the big
birds
squatted
obscenely
,
while
in the
sky
a
dozen
more
sailed
,
making
quick
-
moving
shadows
as
they
passed
.
They’ve
been
there
since
the truck
broke
down,” he
said
. “To-
day
the first time
any
have
lit
on the
ground
. I
watched
the way
they
sailed
very
carefully
at
first in case I
wanted
to use
them
in a story.
That’s
funny
now
.”
“I
wish
you
wouldn’t
,”
she
said
.
“
I’m
only
talking
,” he
said
. “
It’s
much
easier
if
I talk.
But
I
don’t
want
to
bother
you
.”
n.b.
Both
shade
and
shadow
translate
as
ombra
.
They
are
not
exactly
the
same
thing
in English.Slide4
“
You
know
it
doesn’t
bother
me,”
she
said
. “
It’s
that
I’ve
gotten
so
very
nervous
not
being
able
to do
anything
. I
think
we
might
make
it
as
easy
as
we
can
until
the
plane
comes
.”
“Or
until
the
plane
doesn’t
come.”
“
Please
tell
me
what
I can do.
There
must be
something
I can do.”
“
You
can take the
leg
off and
that
might
stop
it
,
though
I
doubt
it
. Or
you
can
shoot
me.
You’re
a
good
shot
now
. I
taught
you
to
shoot
,
didn’t
I?”
What
have
you
understood
so far?Slide5
The
title
suggests
that
the man and the woman are in Africa (Mount
Kilimanjaro
is
in Tanzania).
They
are in the
desert
and
their
truck
has
broken
down. The man
has
a
leg
wound
that
is
now
affected
with gangrene (
cancrena
),
which
causes
flesh
to decompose (
hence
the
smell
)
but
also
eliminates
the
pain
of the
wound
. He
will
die
if
he
doesn’t
get
treatment
soon
. The big
birds
are
vultures
(
avvoltoi
)
who
know
they
might
soon
have
a
substantial
meal
. The
unnamed
couple
have
radioed
for help and
they
hope
a small
aircraft
is
on
its
way,
but
they
cannot
be
certain
that
it
will
arrive
. The man
suggests
that
the woman
could
either
cut
off
his
leg
or
shoot
him
.
She
is
clearly
upset
by
his
black
humour.Slide6
Some
Literary
novels
start
slowly
but
in more
popular
fiction
there
is
a
tendency
to
try
to produce a
begining
that
will
attract
and
hold
the
reader’s
attention
.
Would
you
want
to continue
reading
if
a story
began
like
this
?
My
parents
were
little
more
than
kids
when
they
married
:
dad
was
17,
mum
was
16 and I
was
just 14
months
.Slide7
Literary
writers
break
all
the
rules
. The
technical
term
is
deviation
;
they
use
forms
that
deviate from the
norms
of the
language
.
Deviation
is
used
in advertising
texts
,
usually
for
humorous
effect
,
but
in
literature
it
often
has
a more
serious
purpose
.
There
are
various
types
of
deviation
:
lexical
grammatical
d
iscoursal
s
emantic
m
orphological
p
ragmatic
g
raphological
In the
following
short
texts
,
try
to decide
what
kind
of
deviation
is
present
. In
each
case
consider
how
the
translator
could
produce an
equivalent
text.Slide8
p
1. Some go u and some go d
o
w
n
2.
She
lay
in bed
worryful
and
unasleep
.
3.
She
met
me,
she
fascinated
me,
she
seduced
me, and
finally
she
husbanded
me.
4.
There
is
no
altruism
today
;
it
has
become
altruwasm
.
5. The
multicoloured
white
light
was
dark and
ominous
.
6.
Let’s
begin
at
the
beginning
. I
was
born
.
7. “
Excuse
me. Do
you
know
where
Prof.
Greene’s
office
is
?”
“Yes, I do.
”Slide9
p
1. Some go u and some go d
o
w
n
GRAPHOLOGICAL DEVIATION
2.
She
lay
in bed
worryful
and
unasleep
. MORPHOLOGICAL DEVIATION
3.
She
met
me,
she
fascinated
me,
she
seduced
me, and
finally
she
husbanded
me.
GRAMMATICAL DEVIATION
4.
There
is
no
altruism
today
;
it
has
become
altruwasm
. LEXICAL DEVIATION
5. The
multicoloured
white
light
was
dark and
ominous
. SEMANTIC DEVIATION
6.
Let’s
begin
at
the
beginning
. I
was
born
. DISCOURSAL DEVIATION
7. “
Excuse
me. Do
you
know
where
Prof.
Greene’s
office
is
?”
“Yes, I do.”
PRAGMATIC DEVIATIONSlide10
The opening
paragraphs
from
Earthly
Powers
by Anthony Burgess
Burgess
is
best
known
as
the
author
of
A
Clockwork
Orange
,
which
Stanley Kubrick made
into
a
controversial
film,
but
his
real
masterpiece
is
Earthly
Powers
.
The
octogenarian
first-
person
narrator of the
novel
, Kenneth
Toomey
,
is
a
homosexual
British
novelist
who
is
asked
by the Vatican to
write
the story of a
miracle
allegedly
performed
by the
brother
of
his
late
brother
-in-law, Don Carlo
Campanati
and
later
Pope Gregory XVII. The
novel
is
set in the late 1960s
but
the
elderly
narrator
describes
events
from
his
entire
life
span
. Note
that
homosexuality
was
legalized
in
England
and Wales (
not
Scotland or
Northern
Ireland
)
only
in 1967.
Consider
the
symbolism
of the
name
Kenneth
Toomey
.Slide11
It
was
the
afternoon
of
my
eighty
-first
birthday
, and I
was
in bed with
my
catamite
when
Ali
announced
that
the
archbishop
had
come to
see
me.
‘
Very
good
, Ali,’ I
quavered
in Spanish
through
the
closed
door of the master
bedroom
. ‘Take
him
into
the bar.
Give
him
a drink.’
‘
Hay
dos
. Su
capellán
también
.’
‘
Very
good
, Ali.
Give
his
chaplain
a drink
also
.’
There
is
a word in the
above
lines
that
the
great
majority
of native English speakers do
not
know
.
Do
you
think
the
average
reader
would
want
to
carry
on
reading
?Slide12
I
retired
twelve
years
ago from the
profession
of
novelist
.
Nevertheless
you
will
be
constrained
to
consider
,
if
you
know
my
work
at
all
and take the
trouble
now
to
reread
that
first
sentence
,
that
I
have
lost
none of
my
old
cunning
in the
contrivance
of
what
is
known
as
an
arresting
opening
.
But
there
is
really
nothing
of
contrivance
about
it
.
Actuality
sometimes
plays
into
the
hands
of art.
That
I
was
eighty-one
I
could
hardly
doubt
:
congratulatory
cables
had
been
rubbing
it
in
all
through
the
forenoon
. Geoffrey,
who
was
already
pulling
on
his
over-tight
summer
slacks
,
was
, I
supposed
,
my
ganymede
or male lover
as
well
as
my
secretary
. The Spanish word
arzobispo
certainly
means
archbishop
. The time
was
something
after
four
o’clock
on a Maltese
June
day
– the
twenty-third
to be
exact
and to
spare
the
truly
interested
the
trouble
of
consulting
Who’s
Who
.
This
paragraph
could
be
described
as
fictional
truth
.
Why
?
How
would
you
describe
the
narrator’s
prose?Slide13
Geoffrey
sweated
too
much
and
was
running
to
fat
(
why
does
one
say
running
? Geoffrey
never
ran
). The living, I
supposed
,
was
too
easy for a boy of
thirty-five
.
Well
, the time for
our
separation
could
not
, in the nature of
things
, be
much
longer
delayed
. Geoffrey
would
not
be
pleased
when
he
attended
the
reading
of
my
will
. ‘The
old
bitch
,
my
dear
, and
all
I
did
for
him
.’ I
would
do for
him
too
,
though
posthumously
,
posthumously
.
Line 3.
Why
is
ragazzo
not
a
good
translation
of
boy
?
Lines 5 and 6. There is
discoursal
deviation because we are given a quotation but no mention of who uttered (or will utter) the words. How do we know whose words they are?Slide14
FALSE FRIENDS
13
Conference
: usually translated as
convegno
Conferenza
: usually translated as
lecture
Conductor/
Conduttore
.
As technical terms in the discipline of physics the two words are identical in meaning but there are differences in non-scientific use: A
conductor
is not a driver but
un
direttore
d’orchestra
.
Confidence
. 1.
Fiducia
. I have confidence in her ability to do the job.
2.
Fiducia
in se
stesso
. Our goalkeeper has lost confidence after
making a couple of mistakes recently.
3.
Confidenza
. I’m telling this in confidence, so please don’t tell
anyone else.
Confidential information
=
informazioni
riservati
Confident =
fiducioso
,
sicuro
Self-confident =
Sicuro
di
sé
Confidente
=
1
. police informer
2
. confidant(e)
(literary, from French)Slide15
THE DIARY OF A BRAVE TRANSLATOR VERILY IN LEG – PART
13
One of my
neighbours
is a real gossip and I discovered recently that she has been diffusing some ridiculous stories about me. I’m not letting it worry me because people who know me won’t believe her. Anyway, as I always say, who wounds with a sword perishes by the sword, so one day she will find out what it is like to be the victim of malicious gossip. I had some consolation this morning when I saw her putting the kids in the car to go to the beach. Twenty minutes later it started raining basins. To be honest with you, I think she has some psychological problems. In fact, other people have told me that she lacks a Friday.
Fortunately, I don’t gossip like she does.Slide16
Spread (the verb
diffuse
is only used in technical texts)
Those who live by the sword will die by the sword.
It’s pouring (I haven’t heard a native English speaker say “it’s raining cats and dogs” for at least forty years)
S/he’s got a screw loose. He’s one can short of a six-pack.