As the Roman Empire continued to grow in size, it became in - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

As the Roman Empire continued to grow in size, it became increasingly more difficult to control. In 284 AD Emperor Diocletian (284-305) came to the throne after a century of disorganization, internal dissent, economic collapse, and foreign invasions. It wasn’t long after he took control that in 285 AD he decided that the Empire was too large to be administered by a single ruler, so he divided it into two halves. The Empires would be ruled by Co-Emperors and the western half would be centered in Rome, while the eastern half would be ruled from the city of Byzantium.

The Byzantine Empire-The Eastern half of the Roman EmpireSlide2

The dividing line was chosen because most territories to the west of the line spoke Latin and followed traditional Roman culture, while the territories to the east spoke Greek and maintained less traditional Roman ways. Slide3

The location of Byzantium on the water between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea made it a powerful trading force in the east.

Slide4

When the western area was overrun by German tribes, the Empire was officially divided in 395 AD and as a result, power shifted to the east and the Byzantine side remained strong for a few hundred years more.

The empire benefited from the high level of civilization in the former Hellenistic world and from the region’s prosperous trade.

In the 4

th

c. Emperor Constantine renamed the city of

Byzantium

to

Constantinople

Constantinople

–Capital of the Byzantine EmpireSlide5

Constantinople- “The Second Rome”Key trading route linking Europe, Africa and Asia

Buffer between Western Europe and Asia

Constantinople

–Capital of the Byzantine Empire

·

ConstantinopleSlide6

In 527, the Byzantine emperor Justinian aimed at regaining control of Italy and restoring the old Roman Empire once again. Through war and conquest by about 550 AD, Justinian once again ruled over almost all of the territory of the old Roman Empire.

The Age of Justinian 527-565Slide7

The Empress Theodora

Theodora was the wife of Justinian I who was crowned Emperor of the Byzantine Empire in 527 AD. As his wife, she ruled by his side, as his partner, and her intelligence helped to advance the Empire.

They ruled unofficially as joint monarchs with Justinian allowing Theodora to share his throne and take active part in decision making.Slide8

Perhaps the most significant event during Empress Theodora's rule was the Nika revolt in which she proved herself a worthy and able leader.

Two

rival political groups started a riot at the Hippodrome. They set many public buildings on fire and proclaimed a new emperor.

Justinian

and his officials, unable to control the crowd prepared to flee, but Theodora spoke up and gave a moving speech about the greater significance of the life of someone who died as a ruler, over that of someone who lived but was nothing.

Her

determined speech convinced Justinian and his officials and they attacked the Hippodrome, killing over 30,000 rebels and emerging victorious.

The Empress TheodoraSlide9

Throughout the rest of her life, Theodora and Justinian transformed the city of Constantinople, building it into a city that for many centuries was known as one of the most wonderful cities in the world. They built aqueducts, bridges, and more than 25 churches, the most significant of these being the Hagia Sophia - 'Church of Holy Wisdom

'. To women, Theodora may well be considered a noble pioneer of the women's liberation movement. She passed on laws prohibiting forced prostitution and established homes for prostitutes, passed rights that granted women more rights in divorce cases, instituted the death penalty for rape and established laws allowing women to own and inherit property.

The Empress TheodoraSlide10

Hagia Sophia – Great domed church constructed during the reign of Justinian

Justinian’s Code

– Justinian’s codification of Roman law; made Roman law a the basis for political and economic life

Justinian’s Achievements

The Hippodrome-

stadium used for horse and chariot racingSlide11

Church of Hagia Sophia [Holy Wisdom]Slide12

Interior of the Church of Hagia SophiaSlide13

Orthodox Christianity in the East

Although it was based on the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire had developed a culture of its own.

There

were many differences between the west and the east.

The

feeling of separateness from Rome grew worse when one Byzantine emperor

banned

the use of icons.

Icons

are religious images, statues and symbols used in worship.

The

pope (in the west) supported the use of icons and even ordered the

excommunication

of the Byzantine emperor.

That

means that the pope said the emperor could no longer be a member of the Church.Slide14

Slowly, the Eastern and Roman churches grew apart. In 1054, the schism, or split became permanent. In the east religion was called Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity.

Orthodox Christianity in the EastSlide15

The final break between the two churches occurred in 1054. Even the architecture of their churches are different.

Orthodox Churches

Roman Catholic ChurchesSlide16

Empire Falls

Plague of Justinian kills large part of population

Attacks from east & west

Slowly shrinks, Constantinople overthrown by Ottoman Turks in 1453Slide17

Preserved classic works of ancient Greece & Western Rome (learning) including Christianity

Created Orthodox Christian religion

Justinian’s code of laws

Importance of the Byzantine EmpireSlide18

Entrance TicketName 2 significant accomplishments of JustinianWhy did the Byzantine Empire fall?What was the event that caused the split between the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church?What was the underlying reason?What is one major difference between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church? Slide19

Trade between the Byzantine Empire and the city of Kiev helped spread Byzantine culture into Asia.

Vladimir I

– ruler of Kiev (980-1015) converted kingdom to orthodox Christianity

Russians started to adapt religious art, music and architecture

Byzantine culture spreads to Russia

Russia

Kiev

–trade city that became the center for a kingdom that flourished until the 12th c.Slide20

Located between China and Europe. 3 regions helped shape early Russian life

North (very cold winters) -Lumber and hunting

South-Fertile land for farming

Steppe

-treeless grassland Open to nomads from Asia and Europe

Russia’s GeographySlide21

Great “Highway”Rivers linked Byzantine to Russia

Steppe AreasSlide22

As Kiev grew in wealth and power it became a target of a Nomadic people from central Asia, the Mongols. (United by Genghis Khan)They

looted

and burned Kiev

Russian princes had to pay

tribute

(money) to rule without Mongol

interference

What might this lead to?

Mongol rule of Russia lasted 200 years and cut off Russian contacts with Western Europe which were making advances in art and science

Mongol InfluencesSlide23

With the destruction of Kiev, the city of Moscow began its rise in Russia Under the rule of Ivan the III (the Great), Russia defeated the Mongols (circa 1480)

Moscow

Replaces KievSlide24

Recovered Russian territories that were lost to invadersTook on the title of Czar (Russian for Caesar)

Ivan the Great ---- Ivan IIISlide25

Russian Orthodox – Russian form of Christianity brought from the Byzantine Empire

Cyrillic alphabetSlide26

Grandson of the GreatViolent, killed own son

Introduced Russia to extreme absolute power

Ivan the Terrible --- Ivan IVSlide27

The long decline began in 11th c. Muslim Turkish invaders seized almost all of the empire’s Asian territory, removing the most important sources of taxes and food

In 1453, the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople

Muslims eventually took Constantinople and

renamed it

Istanbul.

This marked the rise of the

Ottoman Empire

.

The Byzantine End