Roman Empire short The Roman Republic - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2018-03-12

Roman Empire short The Roman Republic - PPT Presentation

Consuls at the highest level held power that extended over the lands Rome ruled At the end of their oneyear term they entered the Senate of Rome the highest legislative and consultative body of the government ID: 648366

empire roman power church roman empire church power law catholic legacy development rome republic people christianity highest cultural architecture

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Slide1

Roman Empire short Slide2

The Roman Republic

Consuls (at the highest level) held power that extended over the lands Rome ruled.

At the end of their one-year term, they entered the Senate of Rome, the highest legislative and consultative body of the government.

Because the consuls and Senate both represented the interests of the patricians (aristocratic, wealthy classes), there was always tension between the wealthy classes and the plebeians, or common people.Slide3

The Empire Flourishes

When Roman soldiers, diplomats, governors, and merchants arrived in sparsely populated sites like Gaul, Germany, Britain, and Spain, they stimulated the development of states.

They accessed resources like tin and encouraged inhabitants to cultivate wheat, olives, and grapes.

Local ruling elites joined with Roman representatives and used wealth to control natural resources and build states larger than ever.

Cities emerged where administrators and merchants conducted their business.Slide4

Intellectual Development

Around 450 BCE, Roman jurists (judges, attorneys) adopted the Twelve Tables as a basic law code for citizens of the early republic.

During the late republic, jurists worked to create a body of law that would work for the diverse people of the Empire.

They established the principle of “innocent until proven guilty” and defendants could challenge accusers before a judge in a court of law.

Romans adopted many of the cultural aspects of Greek life, i.e. philosophy, mathematics, theatre, etc.Slide5

Technological Development

Roman engineers prepared deep beds for roads, edged them with curbs, provided drainage and used large, flat paving stones. They developed wide roads for two lanes.

Temples, bath houses, public buildings, stadiums, and aqueducts.Slide6

Economic Development

In the early days of the Roman kingdom and republic, agriculture was the foundation of Rome.

Latifundia concentrated on production for export.

Because it was possible to import grains at good prices from lands that produced surpluses, other regions could concentrate on cultivation of fruits and vegetables or production of manufactured items, i.e. olives from Greece, wine and olive oil from Spain, etc.

The Roman military kept the seas free from pirates.Slide7

Social Structure

Pater families – The eldest male ruled the household.

Women frequently ran the household, playing significant roles in family finances and inheritance.

Slavery was an essential component of the Roman empire’s success.By the 2nd century C.E., more than 1/3 of the population were slaves.

Some urban slaves had the potential to lead economically successful lives, even gaining their freedom.Slide8

The Age of Augustus

Octavian came to power in 31 B.C.E.

Saw disorder and instability in the empire; believed that the empire had become too large for republican rule.

Although he kept all power for himself, he won the support of the Senate by asking its advice, permitting it to run some of the provinces, and have its own treasury.Slide9
Slide10
Slide11

Effects of

Pax Romana

This era of political and social stability, military dominance, and economic prosperity would allow the Roman culture to flourish and spread throughout the Western world.

ART

ARCHITECTURE

LITERATURE

DRAMA

SCIENCE & MEDICINE

ENTERTAINMENT & SPORT

RELIGION & SPIRITUALITY

LAWSlide12

Crisis in the 3

Century

6) The “Tent Effect”Simply put: the empire got so big that it could not sustain itself. It simply collapsed.Slide13

Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 C.E.Slide14

The Rise of Christianity

Christianity began as a cult.

The Gospels indicate that Jesus accepted Jewish laws and traditions of the Old Testament.

Renewed emphasis on love, compassion, and a relationship with God.Slide15

The Power of the Catholic Church

As the Christian population grew, so did the power of the Church and its officials.

Ex. Emperor Theodosius did penance, as ordered by St. Ambrose, Bishop of Rome.

Eventually, the highest office of the Roman Catholic Church became the papacy (held by the pope).

The term Catholic means “universal” (also related to a Greek adjective meaning “complete”)

The Roman Catholic Church, as it is known today, began during the reign of TheodosiusSlide16

The Hagia Sophia (Istanbul)

Under the orders of Justinian, construction of the Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”) was constructed in 532 and took only five years to complete. Famous for its massive dome, it is considered on the best examples of Byzantine architecture.

When Constantinople was conquered in 1453 by the Ottoman Turks, the church was converted to a mosque. The four minarets were added and the interior walls were redesigned to reflect the Muslim faith.Slide17

Legacy of the Roman Empire

Cultural contributions

Art

Architecture

Science

Literature

100

500

1000Slide18

Legacy of the Roman Empire

Roman Engineering

Aqueducts