Crocodiles FAO http wwwfaoorg THE DEADLIEST ANIMALS IN THE WORLD httpwwwgatesnotescom b y Bill Gates 25 Apr 2014 Inland Taipan The most venomous snake N atural reservoir carrier and transmitter of viruses ID: 627747
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Slide1
Ethics: Autonomy Matrix
Group VSlide2
Crocodiles (FAO, http://
www.fao.org
)
THE DEADLIEST
ANIMALS IN THE WORLD
http://www.gatesnotes.com
by Bill Gates (25 Apr, 2014)
Inland
Taipan
(The most venomous snake)Slide3
N
atural reservoir, carrier, and transmitter of virusesSlide4
Disability-adjusted life year
Light yellow = <10 dark red = >3500 per 100,000 inhabitants Slide5
Common solutions in the affected countries
Recent AlternativeSlide6Slide7
Should a gene drive be used to eradicate malaria?Slide8
Should a gene drive be used to eradicate malaria?
Potential benefit to humans is huge, but effects on ecosystem are unpredictable and possibly permanent. Slide9
Autonomy MatrixSlide10
No gene drive
This scenario means we have to put our trust in the current medical research on vaccines, and improved medication. It also means a continued use of pesticides to kill mosquitoes, which does enormous damage to biodiversity and life quality of people in these areas. Also, research on gene drives might be stalled.Slide11
Gene drive introducing resistance gene
This solution could save thousands of lives per year, starting now. If we stop spraying harmful pesticides this could save many bird and insect species in affected ecosystems. A healthier population means a better economy, and could help to develop third world countries. A successful gene drive for malaria will boost research opportunities to use the technology for other purposes. On the down side, if the technology doesn’t function as well as expected this might give people a false sense of security. We can’t predict the (long term) effect this human interference has on the ecosystem. If there are negative effects this could create bad feelings in the third world countries in which the ‘Western’ technology was released. Additionally this could discredit researchers as a whole, and halt further research in the area.Slide12
Gene drive
eradicating
carrier
mosquito (Anopheles spp.)
This solution could save thousands of lives per year, starting now. If we stop spraying harmful pesticides this could save many bird and insect species in affected ecosystems. A healthier population means a better economy, and could help to develop third world countries. A successful gene drive for malaria will boost research opportunities to use the technology for other purposes. On the down side, if the technology doesn’t function as well as expected this might give people a false sense of security. We can’t predict the (long term) effect this human interference has on the ecosystem. If there are negative effects this could create bad feelings in the third world countries in which the ‘Western’ technology was released. Additionally this could discredit researchers as a whole, and halt further research in the area.Slide13
Wait with gene drive until safeguards are in place
Many believe that human life is sacred and malaria claims hundreds of thousand lives per year. The solution to introduce parasite resistant mosquitoes seems like the safest way to eradicate malaria, however we need to make sure that the potential environmental consequences that might affect us and the whole ecosystem can be reversed. Therefore further research of gene drive to
implemet
all the safeguards is needed. There will various
preassures from political and
commertial entities to push for the erradication
ASAP but they need to be handled.