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fishers located Matthews and~hyne in five these communities fishing grounds. of usufruct transitional phenomenon the "bureaucratization" (cf. Thiessen current trend er use HachC While this future, fishery officers both usufruct regulating conflicts current emphasis in order (cf. Reiss -. a larger and.workers ' officer occupation fishery officers' discretionary role in mediating a The data on fishery officers' public relations These questions (and the upon the job 1984).2 Since all fishery officers familiar with this researcher decided of fishery public relations (n=44) of the included: "When are working in the area what groups of people public relations important?" In of these questions, fish- officers emphasized public relations be used in dispute of 85 fishery officers in the of the DFO's Newfoundland Regi~n.~ From this popula- tion, interviews were conducted with 23 senior and 28 junior official^,^ inshore fishing season, fishery officers in their Unfortunately, it upon ethno- graphic information from local fishers directly involved fishery officers' Among the fishery officers (n=44) in rural of inshore fishers 25.4per are former fishers. Hence, fishery officers relations they describe gear disputes. of gear disputes, Matthews and Phyne (1988), (1989) will demonstrate inshore are integral interpret what constitutes conflict, and the resolving conflicts. Dispute Settlement the Newfoundland lnshore Fishery officers are variety of Newfoundland in- be presented concerning three types of disputes: rights of disputes, conflicts owners of between owners these conflicts be reduced On the contrary, conflicts occur during intersection of different fishery officers settle disputes Throughout, it officers, like police policing in settling disputes Disputes and Usufruct relations present in many inshore fishing communities. During the inshore fishing communities which have fisheries usually for fishing berths. regulated access fishing berths, usually overseen local fishers' Many communities families rights are over access rights may occur. Due to this, inshore fishing communities draws usually invite fishery officer to legitimate to one junior fishery sit back let them are completed sign berth draw are asked not to step in, but let them iron lems (Interview senior fishery officer described how he mediated a berth two neighbouring communities: [. . .] and 1.. .] berth draw committee. They decided they divide the of control. They could agree upon meetings with them got them end (Interview to thank the Instituteof Economic Research, Memorial Universi- of Newfoundland the School of Graduate McMaster University for financial sistance. Appreciation to the Department of Fisheries for providing access their fishery officers. The author thanks Anthony editors of MASTfor comments on a of this paper. Frances Baker for typing this paper. 1. constitute the local rules regulation of resources. These rules define property resources such akthe members participate, an informal regulating access to common resources. Hence, rights are derived from individual ownership. On the con- individual rights take priority. recent public towards undermining rights with licensing policies encourage individual owner- ship. For more details, see McCay and Acheson (1987); Matthews Davis (1988). Officer Career Log following job responsibility areas: resource manage- management, enforcement, public relations, related duties. For more information on areas, see Phyne New.foundland consists of coasts of island of all of Labrador. island of Newfoundland ministered from Gulf Region, Among the were 27 officials. There also four recruits. An all the senior fishery officers. In on the of a proportionate cent of junior fishery officers from administrative areas of Newfoundland Region. Interviews conducted with senior fishery officers, recruits. Since DFO considered the latter fishery officers, those officials of the data. For more details on the research design sampling methodology, see Chapter Three in Phyne inshore dragger fleet has noticeable presence the shrimp Sinclair 1985), this fleet rapidly expanded in the inshore Hache 1990). 6. The Hach6 crisis in Scotia-Fundy Region. region includes all Scotia with exception of on the of St. It also crisis became rapid depletion of stocks including: cod, pollock attributed to a factors, especially the expan- capacity of inshore draggers HachC stricter controls of the inshore dragger fleet. In of inshore decline in ground- fish stocks out that lobster fishery in southwest Scotia are point of different fishers' differences between Newfoundland such differ- ences for discretionary role of fishery officers expanded upon in Phyne All federal fishery officers training program with Canada's national program emphasizes: weapons training, defensive driving. time of this research, per cent (n=27) had taken training program. Apostle, Richard Public in Nova Scotia. Halifax: Prepared for the Jr., Prosecution. Banton, Michael 1964 Tfte Policetnan in tfte Cot?rmunity. Society and Policeman's Boston: Routledge Kegan Small Boat Fishery: Scotia. In: Lamson and Arthur Fisft: eries and Coastal Communities: Fisfteries Decision-Making Case Studies. Halifax: Dal- housie Ocean Studies Program. Anthony and Leonard Kasdan Government Policies Belligerent Fishermen Small Boat Fisheries. JournalofCanadian Studies 19(1):108-124. Sheriff: An Issue Critninai Justice Review 4(2):97-111. Ericson, Richard ofPolice Patroi Work. Toronto: University of Toronto Fairley, the Inshore Fishery of Newfoundland. Studiesin Political Economy (Spring):33-69. Fishery ,Officer Career Ottawa: Enforcement Hach6, Eugene 1990 Report of the Scotia-Fundy Groztndfish Ottawa: Supply Ambiguities of Lobster Fishery Management Scotia. In: Co-operative Managetnent ofLocal New Directions Itnproved Management and University of British Newman 1961 Antftology of Fisffery Kennedy, Leslie file Borders of Critne: Conflict Managetnent and Critninoiogy. New York and Lon- don: Longman. Resource Allocation Rural Fishing Community. In: Raoul Andersen (Ed.), North Atlantic Maritbne Cultures. The Hague: Mouton. case with respect the northern cod stock which ally migrates has been in cod a hundred useof relativestability of thecod make historical analysis of stock using written oral tradition of landings a definitive possibility. currently organizing research project test this social scientists John's and hundred cod skippers (there are in total). absolutely clear fishermen must into the preserve social equality, actually work. fisheries scientists, working existing techniques expertise" benefit t2, but supportive of better compliance would be lead quickly clear picture of of commercial that appropriate and practical ecological, biological, social goals can also simply social context. While this simplistic, such goal setting could extremely beneficial. For a terrible fishermen, let alone distant fisheries bureaucrats, abundant the related stocks years ago, to the coming of foreign draggers 1950s, a state can, more be again achieved with of current stock conditions. forget past prevalent in parts of all things, most corrosive of any for the goal setting improvements in catch failure this strategy constitutes perhaps the otherwise unresponsive be moved. use of 1980s, one that included goal-setting assessment process, different result. movement of into the winter fishing deliberate policy choice fisheries managers. have been fishermen in a more "modern" all, question the automatic adoption ing luddite choice of technology as to its ecological social impacts. parallel failure "traditional" management to the liners, mis-reporting dumping of small fish. already analyzed of social inequality developed within ecological analysis would For instance, there are the health the marine ecosystem generally (Effects recent analysis of trawl gear on the reproductive capacity number of serious questions noise, physical clouds of mud and otter seriously effect the short-term reproductive capacity are not caught? Significant stress-induced infertility has bv researchers in handling of in captivity, these observations be relevant to the trawl activity (Kjesbu a broader of the inshore dragger technolo- dragging trawls effect of use of such trawls spawning grounds. Federal Government study both in respect of from initial to the of such aspects management criteria. basic ecological factors as part fisheries management process demonstrates a these matters. Fishermen voicing their concerns Sinclair has rightly focused decision-making process its defects self-destructive strategies, as taken place in this particular his analysis, on "onus fisheries managers demand that fishermen "prove" technology, which government fishermen object, harmful to stocks before managers restricting its have been spawning process a virtual for underfinanced inshore lobby groups. far different used in assessment of the anticipated mental impact of federally-regulated projects In such genuine cause project bears environmental protection not the to debate legislative scheme is reasonable degree of environmental with respect at the the proponent of their proposed actions. enough to to anticipate "progress" of technological as recently discussed predict as of such changes or ban federal fisheries managers, prospective owners of the first inshore draggers when they northeast Gulf. it exist when winter fishing southwest coast.