Grammar Warm-ups - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Grammar Warm-upsSlide2

Noun

Person, place, thing or idea

Example: Tom, New York, book, freedom

Practice: Underline the nouns

Penny took her mom to Six Flags.

Love is the most important thing of all.

My dad has the coolest car ever.Slide3

Pronouns

Take the place of Nouns

Example: She, he, it, they,

ect

.

Practice: Underline the nouns, and put a squiggly line

u

nder the pronouns in each sentence.

My mother says she loves shoes.

I don’t feel well. My stomach hurts, it feels like someone has stepped on it.Slide4

Proper Noun

The SPECIFIC name of a person, place, or thing. It can be acted upon and is capitalized. A proper noun may be a single word, a group of words (with or without abbreviations), or a hyphenated word.

Examples:

Josh

was honored person

at

U.S. Memorial Auditorium

place

with the

Smith-Lee Award

. thing Slide5

Review

Underline the nouns, and squiggly underline the pronouns.

Freedom is the only thing on earth worth fighting for. I would gladly die for it.

Nothing is for sure except death and taxes.

What time is your flight to Arizona.

Did you vote for Obama for president? He was my first choice.Slide6

Adjectives

Words that describe nouns.

Example:

Brown

bear

,

bright

light

,

never-ending

story

,

cruise

ship,

Victorian

mansion

,

three

bears

.Slide7

Adjectives

Practice: Underline the Nouns/pronouns, circle the verbs, and place a box around the adjectives

My house is large and beautiful.

The small, brown-eyed girl looked straight up at me.

The whirling wind turned and roared at the fragile plants below.

A large group of people showed up to my birthday party.Slide8

Practice

Underline the Nouns and pronouns, and place a box around the adjectives.

The young child was quickly taken from her parents.

The hot crispy fries made my mouth water.

The girl was beautiful, always dressed in elegant gowns.

My little sister always wears her pink barrette. Slide9

Verbs

Two Kinds

Action

Run, walk, think, sit,

ect

.

Linking: connecting words

Is, are, was, were, be, being, has been

Practice: circle the verbs, label them AV or LV

My mother is very picky when she eats out.

My father was being watched by spies.

We are going to walk up to the creek after

school.Slide10

Review

Practice:

Underline the Nouns and pronouns. Place a box around the adjectives.

Circle the verbs, and label them LV or AV.

Ex:

I

hate running

laps

, but the

coach

insists that

it will make me a better

player.It is hard to keep my notes neat.

I will be here tomorrow after school.Lucy and Rachel are going to sing at the spring concert.It is important to honor the many soldiers that fought for our independence.

My brother is annoying; he always picks on me.Slide11

Review

Underline the nouns/pronouns, circle the verbs, and place a box around the adjectives.

As the night went on, I stood staring up at the brilliant sky.

It was chilly out, and my foggy breath felt warm against my freezing hands.

They shook terribly, but I did not care.

No amount of cold could drive me away from the shimmering stars in the night sky.Slide12

Review

Underline the nouns/pronouns, circle the verbs, and place a box around the adjectives.

I never felt safe in that all-too-quiet house.

I wanted to go to the public library for their drama celebration.

My hard-headed father should have listened when I told him that the ladder was too weak to support his weight.Slide13

Review

Nouns

adjectives

Verbs

sentence

1. Girls, books

Smart, heavy

carried

The smart girls carried their heavy books.

2.

3.Slide14

Adverbs

Three types:

They describe Verbs

The man danced beautifully.

The sky darkened quickly..

She sang loudly

They describe adjectives

Light green eyes

Very large penguin

They describe when

-yesterday, tomorrow, now, later, etc.Slide15

Adverbs

Place a triangle around the adverbs.

The winner ran triumphantly around the stage.

He was more handsome than last year.

I want to see the beautifully lit gardens tomorrow.

She was too short for the ride.

He quietly sat, hoping that the night would quickly end.Slide16

Review

Underline the nouns, Circle the verbs, place a square around the adjectives, and place a triangle around the adverbs.

The mother nervously wondered how she would pay her bills later that month.

The meal had hardly started before the lady had had too much of their company.

The girl’s pale white cheeks turned a deep red.Slide17

Review

Underline nouns, circle verbs, box adjectives, and triangle adverbs

The storm angrily blew all night.

The two girls were very quiet indeed.

My lungs ached and burned, but I stubbornly refused to quit the mile run.

The frightened rabbit desperately struggled against the dogs vicious teeth, but to no avail. Slide18

Parts of speech

A word can be an N, V,

Adj

, and an Adv.

They change when word endings change (suffixes) or when how we use them in the sentence changes.

Examples: Love

I love you. (V)

There is no greater gift than

love

. (N)

He is so lovable. (

Adj

)

He held her lovingly. (

Adv

)Slide19

Practice:

Label what part of speech the underlined word is in each sentence.

My brother is so

helpful

.

Can you

help

me with this problem?

She is

running

for secretary.

That

runner

is sure fast.She spoke softly in class.The rain felt soft

against her skin.She looked adoringly at her husband.Aren’t these puppies adorable

?Slide20

Review

The dark brown suitcase sat precariously halfway off the ledge.

________ is a noun because…

________ is an adjective because…

________ is a verb because…

________ is an adverb because…Slide21

Preposition

a word that shows some relationship or position between a noun and its object.

Example:

To

, of, in, on, over, above, below, beneath, through, next to, before, after, inside,

between…etc.Slide22

Your Turn

Circle the prepositions in each of the following sentences:

The girl

wrote to her father.

After the ceremony is over, I plan on taking the subway through Manhattan.

Leslie is always in the front of the line.Slide23

Conjunctions

A

conjunction

joins words, phrases, or clauses together

Example: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)Slide24

Practice

Circle and label all the prepositions and conjunctions

I plan on playing both the Violin and the cello at the concert.

Would you rather watch the game or be playing in it?

I started to get sea sick, so I went below deck. Slide25

Practice 2

Circle and label all the prepositions and

conjunctions

After the party is over, I want to go to the end of the pier and jump in.

I do not wish to sit beside Betsy, nor do I want to be placed behind Alex.

I want to bake cookies so I can thank my TA’s for stacking books on my shelves and grading papers.Slide26

Complete Sentence

A complete sentence is made up of 3 things:

The subject (Noun(s) doing the action)

The predicate (Main verb(s)/action)

A complete thought

Example:

The

three boys

ran

to the school bus.

Subject

PredicateSlide27

Explain if the sentence is missing the subject, predicate, or complete thought. Write complete if it’s good.

The old decaying house.

1. Missing predicate

Ran further than anyone could have possibly imagined.

After Susan was finished with her homework.

Praying and weeping their case.

My poor old dog died last week.

Far out into the sea, the angry grey birds.

During my Dad’s practice band session.Slide28

Explain if the sentence is missing the subject, predicate, or complete thought. Write complete if it’s good.

The old decaying house.

Missing Predicate

Ran further than anyone could have possibly imagined.

Missing Subject

After Susan was finished with her homework.

Missing complete thought

Praying and weeping their case.

Missing subject

My poor old dog died last week.

Complete

Far out into the sea, the angry grey birds.

Missing predicate

During my Dad’s practice band session.

Missing complete thoughtSlide29

Review 1:

Label the subject and predicate in each sentence. If it is missing a subject or predicate, rewrite the sentence so it is correct.

The tree grew out of the cemetery plot.

The over-sized angry Rottweiler.

The music was played by the musicians.

Created the most beautiful picture I have ever seen.

Susan played tackle football last night.Slide30

Review 2

Label the subject and predicate… correct the sentence if anything is missing.

Over the steep embankment.

My mother said there’d be days like this.

Sprinting and frolicking through the trees.

The house around the corner was built by Lowes.

The rich old miserly man with grey whiskers.Slide31

Review # 3

Label the subject and predicate… correct the sentence if anything is missing

.

The music was played by the soloist.

After school, the entire football team.

Happily ran down the street.

Ever since I left college.

Reading all the news and sports columns.

The feather was blown in the wind.Slide32

Review # 4

Label the subject and predicate… correct the sentence if anything is missing.

Before I finish baking.

The girl smiled sweetly.

The crooked old house with titled windows.

The letter was written by Mary.

Blissfully enjoying the

summer’s evening.Slide33

Simple Sentences

A simple sentence has one independent clause (Contains only one subject, one predicate and one complete thought).

Example- Mary washed the dishes.

-The dogs and cats played outside.

-The car whirled and spun out of control.Slide34

Types of sentences

A

declarative

sentence makes a statement and has a period as ending punctuation.

Example: Joanna went shopping at the mall.

An

interrogative

sentence asks a question and has a question mark as ending punctuation.

Example: Would you mind cooking your own dinner tonight?Slide35

Types of sentences continued

An

imperative

sentence gives a command or makes a request and has a period as ending punctuation.

Examples: Don’t tell me what to do. Command

Mother, sing a song for us. Request

An

exclamatory

sentence expresses surprise or strong emotions and has an exclamation point as ending punctuation.

Example: I can’t believe you said that!Slide36

Compound sentences

A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses (complete sentences), joined together by a comma and a conjunction.

Example: Ken asked his teacher for his homework

, but

he didn’t follow her advice. Slide37

Complex Sentences

Definition:

A complex sentence has an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

An independent clause

means that there is a subject and a predicate that expresses a complete thought.

(Can stand by itself as a complete sentence)

A dependent (subordinate)

clause means that there is a subject and a verb that does not express a complete thought.

(Can’t stand alone as a complete sentence)

Example: Ty completed all his chores (independent clause) + after eating his lunch (dependant clause)Slide38

Compound-complex sentence

Definition:

A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause

Example:

After eating his lunch

(dependent clause) +

Ty completed all his chores

(independent clause) +

and he read the newspaper

(independent clause) = After eating his lunch, Ty completed all his chores and he read the newspaper.Slide39

Sentence fragments

A sentence fragment is only part of a complete sentence. It does not express a complete thought. Slide40

Run-On Sentences

A sentence run-on has two or more independent clauses connected together as if they were one sentence. Slide41

Pronoun-Base Form Verb Agreement

It is important that you use the correct verb forms when writing. The verb forms will depend on the nouns or pronouns used in the sentence.

Examples:

I

smile

often. First person singular

She

smiles

often. Third person singular (adds

s

)

She should

smile more often. After “do” and modalsTo smile often is preferred. InfinitiveSlide42

Present Participle

The present participle adds a “to be” verb

is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been

+ __

ing

.

The present participle takes the present progressive form to show continuous action.

Example:

is

+

__

ing is hiking Matt is hiking the Appalachian Trail.Slide43

Active Voice

Start with Subject

Then Predicate

No linking Verbs (is, are, have, has, be, been, were, am)

Passive: The ball was thrown by Jim.

Active: Jim Threw the ball.Slide44

Active Voice

Starts with Subject

Then Predicate

No linking verbs (is, are, am, be, being, have, has, were, was)

Incorrect: The ball

was

thrown

by

Jim

LV

Predicate

Subject

Correct: Jim threw the ballSlide45

Practice 1

Directions: Change the passive sentences to active ones. Label the subject and predicate.

The

girls were asked to leave by the principal.

The house was constructed by my father’s company

.

Mom cooked dinner last night.

The lawn was watered by the sprinkler.

The light is shining brightly

.

The house sat on the shady side of the hill.

He has acted foolishly tonight.Slide46

Practice # 2

Change these sentences to active ones

The experiment was conducted by the scientist.

The mountain was sat on by the lake.

The lake was fished on by the men.

The girl’s dress was glistening beautifully.

The books were sitting on the edge.Slide47

Active Voice

Subject then predicate, no linking verbs

If the subject is missing, you must add one

Example:

Incorrect: The music was beautifully played.

No subject… it never says WHO played it

Correct: The

band

played the music beautifully.Slide48

Practice # 3

Change sentences into active voice: add subjects if necessary

The girl was invited to the party by Stacy.

The board game was played.

The room was looking dull and shabby.

The car was driven too fast.

The lights were turned off by Tim.Slide49

Quick write- For each Phrase explain if you agree and why or why not.

1. When I become a parent, I will spy on my teenaged son or daughter to find out what he or she is doing.

2. The Internet can be a dangerous place.

3. I know of friends who have chatted online with people they don’t really know.

4. Cyber-bullying takes place on social networking sites (i.e., Facebook, MySpace, etc.) among my friends.Slide50

Quick write- For each Phrase explain if

you agree or not and why.

5. If you’re old enough to go on the Internet, you’re old enough to know the dangers.

6. Parents should monitor some of their teens’ Internet use.

7. Teens’ social networking profiles should be set at the highest privacy settings.

8. Teens have a right to privacy.Slide51

Practice #4

Change the sentences from passive to active

1. Anita was driven to the

theatre.

2. The letter was mailed by Marylyn.

A suspect was questioned for 16 hours by the police.

The boat was thrown and tossed.

The maid’s ghost was haunting the area.Slide52

Practice # 5

Change these sentences into active voice, add subjects if necessary

The

clothes were knitted and

sewn

The

grapes were harvested by the workers

.

On

top of the mountain sat the old little house

.

The

school board was voting on that issue.That ensemble was artfully designed.Slide53

Practice # 6

Turn the passive sentences into active ones

The mouse was eaten by the cat.

The Mississippi River is being contaminated by several factories waste products.

My friend is being interviewed on the news right now!

My groceries were stolen by some tall guy today.

Jerry was hurt badly by the guy who crashed into him.Slide54

Modifiers

A modifier is any word or phrase that describes something

Example: The

black

bear

with the razor sharp teeth

stared at me.

Modifier Rule:

The modifier must always be placed next to the word it modifies. Slide55

Misplaced Modifier =(

A modifier is misplaced when it is not next to the word it describes

Incorrect: The black bear stared at me with the razor sharp teeth.Slide56

Practice 1

rewrite the following sentences, placing the modifiers in the correct spot

He bought a dog for his sister called Colin.

Andrew

told us after the holiday that he intends to stop drinking

.

We will not sell paraffin to anyone in glass bottles. 

Then

you’ll be able to survive just about anything that life throws at you with confidence and style.

She saw a moose on the way to the

storeSlide57

Practice 2

Rewrite the sentences moving the modifier by the word it describes

One

morning I shot an elephant

in my

pajamas

We borrowed a bike from my neighbor

with a flat tire.

The girl ate the cereal

with the pink dress

.

I held the ticket tightly in my hand

that my friend gave meSlide58

Practice # 3

Rewrite

the following sentences, placing the

modifier next to the word it describes

He saw a woman walking her Rottweiler in high heels.

We learned that William Shakespeare wrote

Romeo and Juliet

in our English class.

They arrived just as the lecture started on scooters.

We took the car into the shop that had engine trouble.

Climbing the fence, my grandma saw my little brotherSlide59

Practice # 4 Misplaced modifiers

The

tall boy led the parade with red hair

.

The new student will take the corner seat wearing the muscle shirt.

Kathy donated a television to the Youth Center that she no longer used

.

Totally destroyed by the tornado, he had to rebuild his barn.Slide60

Sometimes a modifier is misplaced because the subject it describes is missing… so in this case add a subject

While taking a nap, the volcano erupted

While standing in line, the thunder could be heard

.

After watching the game, the snacks were put away. Slide61

Comma Rules:

Place a comma after an introductory clause/phrase

Ex:

Before school lets out,

I plan on getting my assignments.

-Check: can take everything before the comma out and the sentence still make sense.

Surround additional or interrupting information with commas (appositives)

Ex: The Hoover Dam

, constructed from 1932-1936,

was a feat among modern architecture.

-Check: Can you take everything surrounded by commas outSlide62

Add Commas to where they belong in the sentences

During the basketball game George scored three points.

My school Arroyo Valley High School is located in San Bernardino.

My friend Pete a veterinarian in Davis looked at my dog when he got sick.

Although I disagree with you completely I understand why you chose to defend that position.Slide63

Add Commas to where they belong

Mrs. Donner My 9

th

grade English teacher taught us about commas.

Javier Uribe Ms. Donner’s T.A. 2

nd

period has a big presentation today.

Despite several attempts Michael still can not jump the ramp on his board.

While class was in session it begun to rain.

The Statue of Liberty a famous American symbol of freedom was given to the US as a gift by the French people.Slide64

Combining sentences

When combining two sentences together, use a conjunction and a comma.

Mary stayed up late

, and

her father was not pleased.

2. When combining two sentences together, use a semicolon if you don’t want to use a conjunction.

Mary stayed up

late

;

her

father was not pleased.Slide65

Conjunctions

FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

COMMA SPLICE =(

Never combine two sentences with a comma if you are not using a conjunction!!!Slide66

Practice 1:

Combine both sentences using a comma, choose the appropriate conjunction.

I was grounded all weekend. I wasn’t able to go to the hike.

I enjoy camping. I enjoy fishing too.

I studied hard for the test. I failed anyway.

I hurt myself badly. I forced myself on stage because the show had to go on.Slide67

Practice 2

Combine

both sentences using a comma, choose the appropriate conjunction.

I love it in the spring time. I enjoy the summer too.

You can either do your vocabulary homework. You can risk failing the test.

I don’t want to go to the game, _______ do I want to go to the play either.

Can you pick up the ingredients at the market? I can make dinner.Slide68

2

nd

Semester Review

Complete sentences have a subject, predicate, and a complete thought

Active sentences start with the subject, and avoid linking verbs.

Modifiers always go next to the word they describe, otherwise they are misplaced.Slide69

Explain what is wrong and fix it

The mine workers were rescued by the National Guard.

The overly plump woman with no shoes.

The man sat on the chair with the hat.

Racing like cheetahs through the grass.

The man played the music piano beautifully. Slide70

Explain what is wrong and fix it

After watching the newest Star Wars.

Sword fighting is the sport I plan to practice.

Most fencers wear suits over their bodies that are white and protective.

Lazily fishing all day long.

We were watching the fight as it unfolded.Slide71

Review Comma Rules

After an introductory clause

After school lets out,

…...

Surrounding additional information

…., who lives in New Jersey,....

When combining two sentences with a conjunction (FANBOYS)

Mary is smart

, and

Mary is a dancer.Slide72

Add commas where they belong

During the winter break I enjoyed spending time with my family.

Saint Nicholas known to many as Santa Clause lived in Northern Europe long ago.

Although I love Hot Cheetos I need to stop eating them because they are causing my stomach pain.

I wanted to input test scores over break but the web site was down.Slide73

Semicolons are used in 3 different ways

When the subject matter in two sentences CLOSELY relate to one another, you can combine both sentences using a semicolon.

The night sky was darkening

;

it was difficult to see.

The night sky was darkening

.

I decided that I would turn west.Slide74

Combining sentences: Semicolons

Sentence # 1

;

Fancy conjunction

,

sentence #2

Fancy conjunctions (aka: conjunctive adverbs):

Therefore For instance

However For example

Nonetheless On the other hand

Additionally On the contrary

Consequently

FurthermoreSlide75

Practice: Decide where the periods, semicolons and commas go.

1. I sat quietly in math class suddenly I remembered that I was suppose to take out the trash this morning.

2. I’ll talk you to prom however that does not make you my girlfriend.

3. I’ll never forget August 22 that was the day my dad left.Slide76

Practice: Decide where the

periods,

semicolons and commas go.

Life is like a box of chocolates you never know what you’re going to get.

I ate late last night when I woke up this morning I didn’t even feel hungry.

I have a huge migraine nonetheless I will try to present the information as clearly as possible.

The new house beautifully sat in the countryside my spirits felt unusually high.Slide77

Example:

I hate to leave you here

;

on the other hand

,

I think it might help build your independence.

Practice # 1:

I feel sick today. I will have to miss work.

Getting a college education is beneficial. My friend Ralph got a job making 90k right after he graduated.

I didn’t complete my homework. My grade dropped down.Slide78

Semicolons are used in 3 different ways

3. To separate items in a list that use commas or are long and complex.

Ex: I wanted to go to Cedar City, Utah

;

Boise, Idaho

;

and Nashville, Tennessee.Slide79

Practice: Add semicolons, commas, and periods where they belong.

For lunch I’m making spaghetti with meat sauce garlic bread with parmesan cheese and a zesty salad with walnuts strawberries and feta cheese.

I plan on helping my mother clean her house by sweeping mopping and dusting take care of the yard by raking up leaves and mowing the lawn and babysit by helping the kids with their homework making them a snack and providing activities for them to do.Slide80

Fix the following sentences by following the instructions

Add a comma and a conjunction

The military ball is expensive I’ll find a way to go anyway.

Add a semicolon

Allyssa snuck out last night her dad was furious.

Add a semicolon, a fancy conjunction, and a comma

There are many things you can do to help the community

y

ou can volunteer at soup kitchens or animal shelters.Slide81

Apostrophes

Apostrophes are used only two times.

When combining two words into a contraction.

Ex: We will = we’ll Do not =don’t

When showing that something belongs to someone.

Ex: That is Sam’s cat.Slide82

Side note

If a word ends in an –s, than you put the apostrophe after the s.

Example: Charles’ girlfriendSlide83

Practice # 1

Fix the following sentences using your apostrophe rules

I cant believe that

Susannas

dog died.

We wont be participating in the games this year.

I love pool’s,

barbeque’s

, and other summer things.

Luis paper

wasnt

bad at all.Slide84

More apostrophe rules

Use and apostrophe when omitting the first two digits from a year.

Example: Class of

‘17

(2017)

Use and apostrophe when taking letters, numbers or words out of context.

Example: Don’t forget to cross your

t’s

You said too many

um’s

in your speechSlide85

Practice #2: Fix the apostrophes using the apostrophe rules

Thats

Johns book; yours is on the back table with Carlos things.

Jesus and

Jerrys

project was the last submitted in 15.

I

couldve

sworn that there were two

ss

in buses, but my sister says its not true.

“Wash and take care of the car,” said

Jeffs dad, “because its going to be yours and your brothers one day.”Slide86

Fixing run-on-sentences

Combine two

sentences together,

using

a conjunction and a comma.

Mary stayed up late

,

and

her father was not pleased

.

2.

Combine two

sentences together, use a semicolon if you don’t want to use a conjunction.

Mary stayed up late; her father was not pleased.

3. Combine sentences using a semicolon, a fancy conjunction, and a comma.Mary stayed up late; Consequently

, her father was not pleased.Slide87

Fix the following run on sentences using all three methods

Chris

didnt

like his math class, he believed his teacher was Satan himself.

I couldn’t believe that

Samanthas

dad won the lottery it couldn’t have happened to a better family.Slide88

Practice # 10

Comma rules, run-on-sentences, not a complete sentence, parallel structure, verb tense matches, passive not active sentences.

On top of going to school I participate in two clubs and am part of the swim team.

The house was lit on fire by the activists.

Next year I plan on go to college to start my career.

The unforgettably large house with the blue fence.

Jim crow a set of laws that caused segregation in the country lasted until the late 1960’s.

I wish I could go to art school to learn how to paint and drawing too.Slide89

Practice 11

Comma rules, run-on-sentences, not a complete sentence, parallel structure, verb tense matches, passive not active sentences.

The

house around the corner was built by Lowes.

The rich old miserly man with grey whiskers

.

Before school is over I plan on finishing my assignment.

Last Thursday I act in the school play.

I wanted to go to the party but I was grounded.

While I was at the mall I bought lunch, hung out with friends, and went shopping for clothes.Slide90

Practice 12

Comma rules, run-on-sentences, not a complete sentence, parallel structure, verb tense matches, passive not active

sentences and spelling errors and other mistakes.

I love going to the movies, eating popcorn, and to have fun with my family.

With much gratitude, the tired woman.

Its always hard to read Johns writing.

Helen Scott the winner of this weeks lottery must report to the main office in Sacramento.

Jimmy was given a gift from those people over their

.

In the beginning we couldn’t figure out why there was to much fungus growing in the lake.

John paid for it and I am having a hard time excepting his generosity.Slide91

Vocab warm-up

She stood on the __________ skyscraper.

He looks rather sickly and __________; therefore, he won’t have a good _________.

This minister is evil. He does not _________ what it means to be godly; consequently, I regret the day the church __________(

ed

) him.

My headache is making me moody and __________. I wish there was a way I could _______ the pain.Slide92

She is so _____________; I told her there was school next Monday, and she believed me!

As I walked down the dark silent street, I got an ___________ feeling that something bad was about to happen.

Homework:

Write 2 synonyms and 2 antonyms for each word

Write a letter using all 10 vocabulary words

Write a spelling pyramid for each word

Study for the test on Friday!!!Slide93

Vocabulary warm-up

The streets cross, forming __________ line’s.

I hear North Korea is _______(

ing

) a great number of nuclear weapons consequently I am feeling a great sense of ___________ about the future.

When the kids was throwing paper I was _________ and when he began to cuss at other students, I became ________!

On the CAHSEE be _________ about checking your work.

Dont

think that _________(

ing

) your thoughts is enough. It would be a huge ________ if you do not go over your work. Slide94

Vocabulary warm-up

I want to go on the ___________ this summer to Utah with CORE Academy.

I can’t help but be amazed at how vast and _____________ the ocean is.

I heard that the ancient Chinese used ground up tortoise shells as an _______________ among married couples.

I got lost at the theme park. I kept going in circles and hitting dead ends, it seemed like it was a giant ______________.

That girl always has to be wearing the best styles, and I always catch her looking in the mirror. She is so __________________.

When the sun came out, I went outside to see the beautiful ____________________.

Michael

is my ___________ at Mario Kart, but I will defeat him one day.Slide95

Homework

2

synonyms and 2 antonyms for each word

Write a letter using each word

Create a spelling pyramid for each word

Study for the vocabulary testSlide96

Homophones- words that sound the same

There-

location... over there

Their- it belongs to them... it's their car

They're- contraction for they are... they're going to the moviesSlide97

exercises:

1

.  I

want

__________  house; it is so beautiful.

2. I can't believe that _________ going to

perform

tonight!

3. Please put all the required paperwork _____________.Slide98

Homophones II

It’s= contraction for it is

It’s beautiful

Its= belongs to it

Table lost its leg

To= I am going to the store

Too=too much or also

I ate too much too

Two= more than one

Two shoes

Know= understand

Now= right awaySlide99

Practice

I wanted ____ get a new bookshelf because mine had broken _______ shelf.

I have ______ houses _______ that I’ve gotten married.

_________ frustrating to see kids not do their homework when they should ________ better.

I’m going to have fun and win prizes ______.Slide100

Figurative language

Directions: Explain is it personification, metaphor, simile, or just figurative language, and explain what it means.

1. I move

like a cheetah on the Serengeti

.

2. Her

head was spinning from all the new information

.

3. I’m traveling down this bumpy road I call life.

4. The

toast jumped out of the toaster

.

5. I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.6. The

Redcoats are coming!Slide101

Homophones part 3

Accept- to take something

I accept your apology

Except- not including that one

I

like all candy except

smarties

Which- Choice between

Which one should I choose?

Witch

The wicked witch of the West

Weather- how it is outside

The weather is really off latelyWhether-Whether or not you decide to go is up to youSlide102

Homophones part 4

Affect- Emotionally

When my father lost his job it affected his confidence.

Effect- physically

The effects of acid rain are dire

Are-state of being

The boys are tall

Our- belongs to us

That is our carSlide103

Practice problems

I won’t _________ that answer. Of course not studying for a test will _________ your grade.

When everyone got invited to the party _________ for me, it really hurt and ________ me in a deep way.

____________ or not ___________ team wins, at least we gave it ________ best shot. Slide104

Homophones practice:

(Its/It’s) surprising how little rain California is getting this year. The governor has declared an official drought for (our/are) state. He has asked us to reduce (our/are) water usage by 20% before CA loses all (its/it’s) water. (There/their/they’re) has to be something we can do. We can not (except/accept) water waste anymore. If people waste (to/too/two) much water than (there/their/they’re) being irresponsible citizens. I hope this speech had some (affect/effect) on you today.Slide105
Slide106

Denotation and Connotation

Denotation: The dictionary definition of the word

Connotation: The feeling that the word evokes

Example: That bag is

cheap.

Denotation: Inexpensive

Negative connotation: of poor qualitySlide107

Practice #1: Write down the denotation and connotation for each word. Explain if the connotation is positive or negative

Pig:

Denotation:

Connotation:

Mother:

Denotation:

Connotation:

Vacation:

Denotation:

Connotation: Slide108

Practice

#2:

Write down the denotation and connotation for each word. Explain if the connotation is positive or negative

1. Music

Denotation:

Connotation:

2. Skinny

Denotation:

Connotation:

3. depressed

Denotation:

Connotation: Slide109

Practice

#

3

Write down the denotative meaning for the word

Intelligent.

Find one synonym that for the word

intelligent

that has a

positive

connotation

.

Find one synonym that for the word intelligent that has a Negative connotation

.Slide110

Practice #4: Write the denotative and connotative meanings for each word

Snake

Best Friend

Limbless reptile

Evil Doer

Vicious beast

House

Dream Home

Comfortable

Hovel

Building to live in

Boss

Employer

Pushy

WeakDomineeringRich

Snobby WealthyCheapMeanSlide111

Diction

Diction: Word Choice

Word Choice matters. Sometimes we can replace a word with a synonym that makes our writing clearer, or provides the desired connotation (feeling).

Example:

Negative:

Grandma is getting

senile

in her

old age

, and is constantly

lying

.

Positive: Now that grandma is in her golden years she is getting forgetful and sometimes misspeaks

.Slide112

Practice #1: Pick the word choice that is most precise (Fits meaning and tone)

Now, Jose’s department

runs

the business database for all customers.

(Repairs, maintains)

2. The school was

once

named Central High.

(Originally, never)

3. The town

grew

to include the surrounding areas. (increased, expanded)The office computers are always

on. (being operated, never off)Slide113

Diction, denotation and connotation

Directions:

You are going to write the same example TWO different ways, using diction (word choice) to choose synonyms that have the connotation you want. Here is the topic.

The man is the youngest employee working at our firm.

Positive:

Negative:

The girl is always talking to the managers.

Positive:

Negative:Slide114

Example answers

The man is the youngest employee working at our firm.

Positive

:

That man is the most

youthful

and

energetic

employee working at this firm.

Negative:

That

man is the most

inexperienced and

immature employee working at our firm.The girl is always talking to the managers.Positive:

The girl is good at communicating with her supervisors.Negative: The girl is constantly kissing up to the bosses.Slide115

Connotation: positive vs negative

A person who does not weigh a lot

2. Someone who does not spend a lot of money

Someone who does well in school

Positive

negative

Thin

anorexic

Positive

Negative

economical

cheap

Positive

Negative

intelligent

BrainySlide116

Denotation and Connotation

#1:

Directions

:

Rewrite each sentence In two ways: one to make the situation sound better and the other one to make it sound worse. Only change the underlined word or phrase. Keep the denotation the same.

Given Sentence:

I was

deeply angered

when my sister ruined my sweater.

Better: I was

annoyed

when my sister ruined my sweater.

Worse: I was outraged when my sister ruined my sweater.

1. Mark destroyed John’s football, but offered to replace it.2. The car accident left the girl’s arm damaged.3. Our dinner was burnt last night.4. The young man didn’t have much money

.Slide117

Denotation and Connotation #2:

Directions

:

Rewrite each sentence In two ways: one to make the situation sound better and the other one to make it sound worse. Only change the underlined word or phrase. Keep the denotation the same.

Given Sentence:

I was

deeply angered

when my sister ruined my sweater.

Better: I was

annoyed

when my sister ruined my sweater.

Worse: I was

outraged when my sister ruined my sweater.

Your speech yesterday was lousy.That secret was hurtful to me, I wish I’d never found out!Our

vacation was awful because the airlines lost our luggage.We were all very sad after we were told the news.Slide118

Practice: Use context clues to determine meaning

Broadway is a street in New York City; however, the word Broadway

denotes

the world of live theatre. Going to see a live show is

thrilling

to the audience because they actually watch the actors preform live on stage. Costumes, sets, and music

enhance

the production.

denotes:

Changes b. Represents

c. Understands

d. Names

2. Thrilling:a. Boring b. ExcitingImposing d. difficultEnhance:Intensify b. lessen

c. Complicate c. ruinSlide119

Practice #1: Add quotation marks where they belong (look at rule handout)

Let’s go sighed Trish, so we don’t get marked tardy.

Katrina told me that I should not be in the band.

I read a magazine article called Trouble in Paradise.

My cousin called and said, We need you to settle an argument. Can you help us?Slide120

The Colon (:)

1. To note what follows

The car comes with everything: A CD player, working AC, electric windows

…

2. Use a colon after the greeting in a business letter

2. Dear Sirs:

3. Bible verses

3. Matthew 28:19-20

4. Time

4. 6:20

5. Divide topics in lists

5. Please pick up the following:Slide121

Hyphens (-)

To divide a word at the end of the line

(only on syllable

breaks)

..................George

was work-

I

ng hard for his family.

To write fractions

Two-thirds

With the following

prefixes: ex-, self-, all-, and the suffix –elect.

ex-wife

Anti-AmericanWhen using a compound adjective (two or more words that work together to describe a noun)

A well-made movieA nicely arranged room (no hyphen)Slide122

Colon and hyphen Practice: write the words that need colons or hyphens added to them

To my fellow shareholders

I realize that our stock has dropped by one third over the past quarter, but as the president elect for this company, I urge you not to sell. Once in office I plan on doing the following produce a higher yield of our product to our buyers, increase land and sea operations, and cut out product lines that are not making money. I ultimately plan to bring a profit to all eighty eight of our members.Slide123

Titles

1. Use Italics or underline the titles of longer works such as plays and novels and feature length films.

Romeo and Juliet

The Wizard of OZ

Use quotation marks to set off the titles of shorter works such as poems, short stories, and articles.

-“The Necklace”

-“The Charge of the Light Brigade”

Capitalize the first word and all the main words used in titles.

(See examples above)Slide124

Fix the titles

I read an article titled, the effects of marijuana on the teenage brain.

Did you see finding

dori

yet?

I loved reading a tell-tale heart.

I cried at the end of the novel of mice and men.Slide125

Other Comma rules

To set off introductory words

-Well, I think you should have thought that through.

To set off the direct address to a person

-I can’t be your friend anymore, Louise.

Katie, can I have a word with you?

When no other rule is stated, but it is needed for clarity.

Let’s eat grandma vs Let’s eat, grandmaSlide126

Comma Rule practice

Father I am not your little girl anymore.

However I did remember to rake the leaves.

The computer the grey one on the table will work well for you Richard.Slide127

Body paragraphs

Topic Sentence-

Proof from story

Why this is important… your feelings about it

In the beginning of the story, Jeff was afraid to go get help.

This is seen when he says, “But I’m scared! I don’t even want to have courage!”

His emotions here are understandable, considering that he was being asked to hike through a dangerous canyon alone to get help, but what other choice did they have?Slide128

Body paragraphs

Topic Sentence

Proof from story

Why this is important… your feelings about it

Eventually Jeff begins to have more courage.

This happens because he remembers that he is doing this to save his brothers life.

This is seen where is says, “[…]he was limping badly. […]getting him medical attention was their only choice.”

This is important because it shows how Jeff is willing to face his fears, and the perils of the rocks and ledges, because he loves his brother. Slide129

Conclusion

Restate thesis in different words

Reveal a bigger picture or idea to the reader, explain what they should learn or get from your essay

By the end of the story, Jeff had proven himself to be a determined hero, even though he started his journey out terrified of the hike.

I believe we all can learn a lesson from the emotions and qualities Jeff demonstrated in this story. If someone needs help, it is important for us to stand up, like Jeff, and face our fears to help out if necessary.Slide130

First Last Name

Ms. Donner

English II per #

January 31, 2014

CAHSEE Lit terms test

Number 1-28Slide131

Fix the errors in the following sentences

After school is over I plan on going to there house.

The payment was accepted by my bank.

Washington DC the capital of the United States has one of the highest crime rates in America right know.

(Passive/active voice…homophones… comma rules)Slide132

Fix the errors Part II

I

dont

want to go because I feel sick but I

dont

want to miss my test either.

Those houses were built by my fathers construction crew.

Its amazing how the San Andreas Fault located beneath San Bernardino has not erupted yet.Slide133

Fix the errors part III

I believe their our a lot of ways young people can positively affect they’re community for example they can volunteer to work with the department of Parks and Recreation.

The copies were made by the secretary.

Joses

shoes never quiet fit him right but, he always wore them anyway.Slide134

Capitalization

The

following things should always be capitalized:

names

of proper nouns

the

word “I”

the

first word in every sentence

days/months

Titles (First word and all important words)

Find the two words in each group that should be capitalized.

1. me wendy book country spain2. flow airplane tuesday language officer hux3. doctor toyota

blanket finding nemo flag pole4. south street mcdonalds street welcome teacher5. high school table english friend juneSlide135

Capitalization Part 2

The

following things should always be capitalized: names of proper nouns,

the word “I”, the first word in every sentence, days, months, and titles.

Correct the following sentences for proper capitalization. Please

rewrite the

whole sentence in your notebook. If the sentence is correct,

write “correct

as is.”

1. my sister,

michelle

, is one of the kindest people I know.

2. our neighbor, mr. Johnson, enjoys traveling; his favorite country is italy.3. When i go shopping with my mom, we like to get pretzels from auntie

anne’s.4. Did you like playing with the dog at the pet store?5. over at tom davis elementary school the students enjoy three hours of recess!6. how do you like living in your city?Slide136

Helen o

f Troy

Read the story

1. Create a list of important characters (10):

2. Create a list of important events (10-15):

3

. Create 3 questions that you think would be good on your next test

Name

Who they were… what they did

Story events in order

1.

2. Slide137

Greek Origin Questions

The Greeks created myths in order to…

The world came from a state of nothingness that the Greeks called…

Gaea, mother Earth, and father sky produce these strange creatures:

What did Uranus do to his children? Who was

Kronus

and how did he stop him?

What did

Kronus

do to his own children?Slide138

How did Rhea save Zeus?

How did Zeus save his brothers and sisters?

How did they defeat their father? What was Zeus’ dangerous idea?

How did Zeus and his brothers decide who got what power?Slide139

Name of God

Power/god of

Zeus

Poseidon

Hades

Hera

Demeter

Hestia

Athena

Aphrodite

Hephaestus

Apollo

Hermes

Ares

ArtimisSlide140

CAHSEE Questions

That collection of essays, John wants on the bottom shelf.

John wants them, that collection of essays.

John wants that collection of essays.

Wanted by John, that collection of essays.

Leave as is.

Write the correct answer, and explain why it is correctSlide141

CAHSEE Questions

2. My

s

ister a high school freshman,

is trying for the school play.

My

sister,

a high school

freshman,

is trying for the school play

.

My

sister: a high school freshman is trying for the school play.My sister a high school

freshman is trying for the school play.Leave as isSlide142

CAHSEE Questions

3. Uncle

Yari

often

said; “My way is the best way.”

said

“My way is the best

way.”

said,

“My way is the best

way”.

said,

“My way is the best way.”Leave as is