Marilyn Sitaker, MPH - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Marilyn Sitaker, MPHWashington State NOPREN Quarterly MeetingNovember 29, 2010

The Policy Stages & Multiple Streams Frameworks, and their Use at DOHSlide2

Definitions*

Policy:

A principle, plan, or course of action, as pursued by a government, organization, individual, etc.

Policy Making: The act or process of setting and directing the course of action to be pursued by a government, business, etcLevels: Individuals/ParentsInstitutions: schools, worksitesCommunities, cities, countiesState

*Based on Webster’s Colligiate DictionarySlide3

Created by John KingdonThe Multiple Streams ModelSlide4

Agendas & Alternatives

Agenda setting

is the process that determines which issues officials pay serious attention to at any given time. Alternative Specification narrows the large set of possible policy alternatives to a smaller set from which choices are actually made.Slide5

Kingdon’s 3 Process Streams

Problem stream

involves persuading policy makers to pay attention to one problem over others (aka agenda-setting). Policy proposals will rise to the top of the agenda when the associated problem is recognized as important. This depends on how it is framed or brought to policy maker’s attention (e.g., through data or focusing events).

Proposal stream

is the process by which policy proposals are generated, debated, revised, and put forth for serious consideration.

More likely to be successful if perceived as technically feasible, compatible with policymaker’s values, reasonable in cost, and appealing to the public.

Politics stream

refers to political factors that influence agendas, such as changes in elected officials, political climate or mood, and the voices of advocacy or opposition groups.Slide6

Coupling the Streams

The three streams have lives of their own

The probability of rising on the agenda is increased if all 3 streams are joined

Partial couplings between 2 streams are less likely to result in policy changesSlide7

Policy Entrepreneurs

Can be elected officials, career civil servants, lobbyists, academics, journalists

Entrepreneurs:

Highlight indicators of the problem to dramatize itPush for one kind of problem definition over another – invite policymakers to see for themselves

Present

specific policies

as the solution to a problem on the agenda

“Soften up” by writing papers, giving testimony, holding hearings, getting press coverage, meeting endlessly…..

Entrepreneurs convince officials to see the problem the way

they

want it to be seen—and to use the solutions

they

propose.Slide8

Windows of Opportunity

Windows open when:

Problems “float” by that

advocates can attach their policy solutions toThe political stream is advantageous

Windows don’t stay open long. Policy entrepreneurs can push their solutions when windows of opportunity open.

Make the critical couplings when policy windows open

Political connections and negotiating skills add to ability to move policy forwardSlide9

Created by James Emery & Carolyn CrumpUNC School of Public Health

The Policy Stages FrameworkSlide10

DHPE Model with Steps in the Policy, Systems, and Built Environment Change ApproachSlide11

Evaluation

Evaluate the impact in terms of each process and overall goal

Implementation

Ensure that enacted changes becomes rule/processes/budgets

Advocacy

Promote the solution to decision-makers

Problem Identification

Clarify the problem & frame/ define it for Policy Agendas

Policy formulation

Conduct analyses to identify a solution to promote

James Emery, MPH & Carolyn Crump, PhD

UNC School of Public Health

Processes for Changing Policies, Environments and SystemsSlide12

HPEC Competencies in Five Domains 1. Analyze & articulate the problem

a. Collects, summarizes, & interprets relevant information

b. Defines the problem needing a policy, system, or environmental solution

2. Propose a solution a. Defines criteria for selecting among various optionsb. Records options in clear & concise written statements c. Estimates the health, fiscal, legal, social, & political implications of each option d. Predicts the feasibility & expected outcomes of each optione. Analyzes the options using decision analysis methods (e.g., cost-benefit) f. Builds consensus for the chosen course of action 3. Influence the change process a. Plans a policy/system/environmental change approach

b. Educates decision-makers, media, partners, & the general public by providing relevant information (i.e., become an informational resource)

c. Frames messages & tailors materials to influence the change process

d. Implements policy-advocacy strategies

e. Implements communications strategies to impact social learning, agenda setting, & message framing

f. Monitors the change process & its outcome

. Slide13

Monitor the implementation process a. Predicts how the relevant bureaucratic entities (e.g., agencies, departments) might implement the enacted changes b. Plans how to monitor & assist each entity as it develops the budgets, rules, guidelines & procedures necessary to implement the enacted change

c. Assists entities with planning for structural & programmatic adjustments

d. Monitors the implementation process to document how the solution is or is not functioning as intended

5. Evaluate the impact a. Develops mechanisms to monitor policy/system/environmental change b. Evaluates the impact of the change c. Incorporates evaluation findings into future planning & analysis efforts From Public Health Solutions Through Changes in Policies, Systems, and the Built Environment (www.dhpe.org/HPEC_Comps_Phase_Final.pdf)

HPEC Competencies in Five Domains, Continued Slide14

Distilling concepts from both models into useful evaluation tools

How DOH uses Policy Frameworks for EvaluationSlide15

15

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

Describe the issue (problem) that you will address in this activity

Ex:Lack of connectivity and features of the streetscape are barriers to walking. Slide16

16

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

Includes compiling new or existing data, holding community forums and focus groups to assess public opinion or gauge readiness and will of decision makers

Ex: Staff work with neighborhood partners to survey residents and map out destinations that residents say they want to be able to walk toSlide17

17

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

Includes the name, sector, and roles of partners that help your leadership team do the work

Ex: For a community garden project, potential partners might include the LHJ, university extension service, and local food policy councilSlide18

18

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

Briefly describe activities undertaken by your partners such as partnership recruitment and development and fund raising.

Ex: Mobilize youth to help assess current tobacco advertising Slide19

19

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

As you move through the domains of policy development you will probably make modifications & add detail to the PES change

Ex: The original PES change stated “Establish two community gardens”. Actions to refine the PES change included: “Based on assessment, proposed that the Hillyard neighborhood be prioritized for community gardens, because low income residents would benefit the most.” Slide20

20

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

1. Who

are your stakeholders

?

2. What have you done to engage stakeholders and the general public in supporting the proposal?

3

. Who are the policy or

decisionmakers

?

4

. What have you done to educate decision-makers and impact the agenda setting process?

5. What policy, environmental or systems change was adopted?

Stakeholders are those individuals and groups who are affected by the PES problem and who might benefit from the PES change.

Ex: For proposed changes to the Growth Management Act pertaining to school siting, stakeholders would include parents, students, and community residentsSlide21

21

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

Who

are your stakeholders

?

2. What have you done to engage stakeholders and the general public in supporting the proposal?

3

. Who are the policy or

decisionmakers

?

4

. What have you done to educate decision-makers and impact the agenda setting process?

5. What policy, environmental or systems change was adopted?

Includes

presentating

to community groups, holding events to call attention to community problems

&

need for policy solutions, and communicating to the public through various media

.

Ex: Presentation from national complete streets organization given, to engage the neighborhood residents in supporting proposal to adopt a Master Bicycle PlanSlide22

22

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

Who

are your stakeholders

?

2. What have you done to engage stakeholders and the general public in supporting the proposal?

3

. Who are the policy or

decisionmakers

?

4

. What have you done to educate decision-makers and impact the agenda setting process?

5. What policy, environmental or systems change was adopted?

Policymakers are people who have the power to allow or prevent a PES change to occur

Ex: For a healthy corner store initiative, store owners constitute the decisionmakersSlide23

23

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

Who

are your stakeholders

?

2. What have you done to engage stakeholders and the general public in supporting the proposal?

3

. Who are the policy or

decisionmakers

?

4

. What have you done to educate decision-makers and impact the agenda setting process?

5. What policy, environmental or systems change was adopted?

Includes any interaction with decision makers that increases their understanding of the problem, elevates its importance, and makes the proposed PES change an attractive option

Ex: Invited local county and city officials to community food assessment planning workshop and later sent them a copy of the workshop report. Slide24

24

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

Who

are your stakeholders

?

2. What have you done to engage stakeholders and the general public in supporting the proposal?

3

. Who are the policy or

decisionmakers

?

4

. What have you done to educate decision-makers and impact the agenda setting process?

5. What policy, environmental or systems change was adopted?

State the specific PES change that was adopted.

Ex: City accepted a code change to include planting strips on the outside of sidewalksSlide25

25

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

Who

are your stakeholders

?

2. What have you done to engage stakeholders and the general public in supporting the proposal?

3

. Who are the policy or

decisionmakers

?

4

. What have you done to educate decision-makers and impact the agenda setting process?

5. What policy, environmental or systems change was adopted?

1. What

have you done to raise public awareness of the new PES change?

2. What have you done to support implementation?

3

. What have you done to monitor the implement-

ation

process?

Any activities undertaken by LHJs, partners, or decision makers to publicize the PES change to those who will use or be affected by the change

Ex: City officials conduct

a campaign to inform city residents about newly-painted “

sharrows

” on city streets Slide26

26

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

Who

are your stakeholders

?

2. What have you done to engage stakeholders and the general public in supporting the proposal?

3

. Who are the policy or

decisionmakers

?

4

. What have you done to educate decision-makers and impact the agenda setting process?

5. What policy, environmental or systems change was adopted?

1. What

have you done to raise public awareness of the new PES change?

2. What have you done to support implementation?

3

. What have you done to monitor the implement-

ation

process?

Activities undertaken by the LHJ or by partners to provide examples, share guidelines, or offer technical assistance regarding implementation of the PES change.

Ex:

To support implementation of a tobacco free policy, provide the local food bank with bags to distribute harvested produce that are printed with an anti-tobacco message.Slide27

27

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

Who

are your stakeholders

?

2. What have you done to engage stakeholders and the general public in supporting the proposal?

3

. Who are the policy or

decisionmakers

?

4

. What have you done to educate decision-makers and impact the agenda setting process?

5. What policy, environmental or systems change was adopted?

1. What

have you done to raise public awareness of the new PES change?

2. What have you done to support implementation?

3

. What have you done to monitor the implement-

ation

process?

Includes checking whether an environmental change has been put in place, or the evaluating the degree to which a policy is enforced or implemented.

Ex: For

a community garden “plant a row” program, documenting that the garden provided 100 lbs of produce to the local food bank would demonstrate that the change was carried out as planned.Slide28

28

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What is the problem needing a PES solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

Who

are your stakeholders

?

2. What have you done to engage stakeholders and the general public in supporting the proposal?

3

. Who are the policy or

decisionmakers

?

4. What have you done to educate decision-makers and impact the agenda setting process?

5. What policy, environmental or systems change was adopted?

1. What

have you done to raise public awareness of the new PES change?

2. What have you done to support implementation?

3

. What have you done to monitor the implement-

ation

process?

1. What have you done to evaluate the impact of the change?

Collecting and analyzing data to show how the PES change has affected community nutrition, physical activity and tobacco behaviors

.

Ex:

Pre and Post-surveys show that the number of children walking and biking to school has increased following implementation of a safe routes to school program.Slide29

29

HEALTHY COMMUNITIES POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT FORM

Reporting Agency: Report Period

Action Plan Activity: Topic: Setting:

Desired PES Change: MAPPS Strategy:

Problem Identification

Policy formulation

Advocacy

Implementation

Evaluation

1. What

is the problem needing a policy, environmental or system (PES) solution?

2

. What have you done to collect, summarize and interpret information relevant to the issue?

1. Who are your partners?

2

. What have you done to build your partnership or secure funding?

3

. What have you done to develop or refine the desired PES change?

Who

are your stakeholders

?

2. What have you done to engage stakeholders and the general public in supporting the proposal?

3

. Who are the policy or

decisionmakers

?

4

. What have you done to educate decision-makers and impact the agenda setting process?

5. What policy, environmental or systems change was adopted?

1. What have you done to raise public awareness of the new policy or environmental feature?

2

. What have you done to support implementation?

3

. What have you done to monitor the implementation process?

1. What have you done to evaluate the impact of the change?

Describe any social, economic, or political changes that helped or hindered your work in this period:

Document any circumstances

beyond your control

that had a positive or negative influence on your success.

Ex: The mayor was a key champion of the Healthy Communities Project. When a new Mayor was elected, the city council decided to use funds designated for trails project for another purpose.

The Healthy Communities team responded by requesting an extension of the match dollars and suggesting that the Trails Committee become an advisory to the city councilSlide30

Using The Form to Understanda Tobacco Success Story

30Slide31

Mason County Tobacco Example: Year 1Slide32

Mason County Tobacco Example: Year 2Slide33

Mason County Tobacco Example: Year 3Slide34

Mason County Tobacco Example: Year 4Slide35

How DOH Will Use Data From The Form

35Slide36

How will DOH report aggregate policy development?Example using 2 NPAO Healthy Communities

by MAPPS StrategySlide37

How will DOH report aggregate policy development?Example using 2 NPAO Healthy Communities, Cont.Slide38

How will DOH report aggregate PES changes?