SC5N11 Practice of Science Common Board configuration Benchmark SC5N11 Define a problem use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types such as systematic observations experiments requiring the ide ID: 766454
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SC.5.N.1.1Practice of Science
Common Board configuration Benchmark: SC.5.N.1.1 Define a problem, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types such as: systematic observations; experiments requiring the identification of variables; collecting and organizing data; interpreting data in charts, tables, and graphics; analyze information; make predictions; and defend conclusions. Essential Question: How do scientists answer questions about the natural world ? Home Learning:
investigation Word Wall survey model experiment inference observation sampletestablepredict dependent variableIndependent variabledata control group
What do scientists do? Nature is full of questions and mysteries.Scientists look for answers to questions about the natural world.Scientists collect clues to nature’s mysteries. Scientists try to figure out what the clues mean.
What is a scientific question?(Testable Question) Many questions that scientists ask begin with What, How, When, Where. Scientific questions can be answered by gathering observations or measurements, called data Good questions for investigation are testable
Can be answered by an investigation.Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books.Does not ask how to perform a skill.How Can We Recognize a Testable Question?
Can be answered by an investigation Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data.Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Notes
How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? M odel Is this a testable question? Cite evidence
How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Model Is this a testable question? Cite evidence testable evidence Can be answered by an investigation.Allows for collection of data.Can be tested with supplies and equipment.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books.Does not ask how to perform a skill.
Can be answered by an investigation Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data.Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Notes Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object?testable
What is motion? Is this a testable question? Cite evidenceModel
Is this a testable question? Cite evidence Not testable Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Can be answered by using a book. . evidenceWhat is motion? Model
Can be answered by an investigation Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data.Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Testable Note: If you run out of space to writeAdd an additional piece of paper to Make a flip book.What is motion?Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books.Can be answered by using a book..Not Testable Model
What is motion? How can we make this a testable question?Using criteria for testable question. Make this a testable question. Model
Can be answered by an investigation Allows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data.Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object? Testable Note: If you run out of space to writeAdd an additional piece of paper to Make a flip book.What is motion?Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books.Can be answered by using a book..Not Testable What is motion?Ex. How can adding mass effect the motion of an airplane.Now you write an example.Making it TestableModel
Guided Practice How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? Is this a testable question? Cite evidence
How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? Can be answered by an investigationAllows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object?Guided PracticeTestable
Guided Practice How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? Is this a testable question? Cite evidence testable Can be answered by an investigation. Allows for collection of data.Can be tested with supplies and equipment.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books.Does not ask how to perform a skill. evidence
How do certain surfaces affect how far a ball will roll? Can be answered by an investigationAllows for collection and analysis of quantitative and/or qualitative data. Can be tested with age appropriate supplies and equipment. Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books. Does not ask how to perform a skill. Model: How will a large force and a small force affect the movement of an object?Guided PracticeCan be answered by an investigation.Allows for collection of data.Can be tested with supplies and equipment.Is not answered with “yes” or “no” or by explanations in books.Does not ask how to perform a skill.TestableTestable
Question: Which questions are testable? How does the mass of a ball affect the distance the ball travels? 2. Does a push make a ball roll across the floor?3. How does changing the diameter of a ball affect how fast it travels? 4. Why does friction slow down motion?5. How do I measure distance? Exit Slip Is this a testable question? Cite evidence For those that are not testable questions write them as a testable question .
How do scientist answer questions? Different kinds of scientific questions require different kinds of investigations Model Survey Sampling Experiment
How do scientist answer questions ? Sometimes gives a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. A scientist must design an controlled experiment to test the hypothesis.Scientists must change one variable to see if it affects the experiment the way that was predictedThey must compare the results to a control group, a group that did not have the variable changed The scientist gets clues to the answer by comparing the two groups.Then scientist must repeat the investigation at least three times to insure their data is valid
The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test, a good experiment has only one independent variable. As the scientist changes the independent variable, he or she observes what happens . The scientist focuses his or her observations on the dependent variable to see how it responds to the change made to the independent variable. For example, if you open a faucet (the independent variable), the quantity of water flowing (dependent variable) Variables
Experiments also have controlled variables. Controlled variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant or the same to insure the experiment is fair and valid. For example, if we want to measure how much water flow increases when we open a faucet, it is important to make sure that the water pressure (the controlled variable) is held constant. That's because both the water pressure and the opening of a faucet have an impact on how much water flows. If we change both of them at the same time, we can't be sure how much of the change in water flow is because of the faucet opening and how much because of the water pressure. In other words, it would not be a fair test. Most experiments have more than one controlled variable. Some people refer to controlled variables as "constant variables."In a good experiment, the scientist must be able to measure the values for each variable. Variables
Model IV – What are we testing? Tire treads DV – What will respond to the IV ? What is the data you write down? Braking distance of car. CV – What will you keep the same to insure it is a fair test? the type of tire. A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car.What is the IV, DV and CV?
Guided Practice Independent variable - is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test. Dependent Variable – the responding variable, it is the data you write down.Control Variables - things that a scientist wants to remain constant or the same to insure the experiment is fair and valid.Model:A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car.IV – Tire treads DV – Braking distance of car.CV – the type of tire.
Guided Practice The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed.
The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed.IV: ____________ DV: _________CV: ___________ Guided Practice I ndependent variable - is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test. Dependent Variable – the responding variable, it is the data you write down.Control Variables - things that a scientist wants to remain constant or the same to insure the experiment is fair and valid.Model:A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. IV – Tire treadsDV – Braking distance of car.CV – the type of tire.
Guided Practice The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed.IV: running speed DV: time CV: the distance (one mile), same person running.
Control Group Control group - A group in an experiment that serves as a comparison to the independent variable; a group that is untreated. It is important to have a control group to see if your experiment is working. Ex. Naomi was testing the effect of fertilizer on the growth rate of her tomato plants. In group A she gave 30 grams of fertilizer. Group B received no fertilizer. NOTE: All experiments will not have a control group.
Model Ex. Naomi was testing the effect of fertilizer on the growth rate of her tomato plants. In group A she gave 30 grams of fertilizer. Group B received no fertilizer. IV: fertilizer (Group A) DV: growth rate of plant CG: No fertilizer (Group B) Naomi can compare the growth rate of group A and B to see if the fertilizer is having an effect.
Guided Practice A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly.IV: _________________DV: ________________CG : ________________ CV: _________________
The time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed.IV: ____________ DV: _________ CV: ___________ Guided Practice A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly. IV: _________________ DV: ________________CG : ________________CV: _________________Control Group:Independent variable - is the one that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test. Dependent Variable – the responding variable, it is the data you write down.Control Variables - things that a scientist wants to remain constant or the same to insure the experiment is fair and valid.Model:A study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car. Control group - A group in an experiment that serves as a comparison to the independent variable; a group that is untreated.
Exit Slip Complete Identifying Variables and Control Group Worksheet
How do scientists keep records? Scientists keep careful records of their investigations in an interactive journal Scientists record their hypothesis. Scientists carefully describe their procedures Scientists record their observations and the data that they collectData
How do scientists collect and organize data? Data provides clues to help scientists figure out the answer to their question Scientists keep careful records of their data in their journal Data is recorded on a spread sheet right away Data is recorded even if the scientist thinks that it may be wrongData must include both numbers and units of measure .
How to create a data table? Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 DV IV
Let’s practice Cameron wanted to investigate which of his family cars used the least amount of gas. He hypothesized the Nissan Sentra would use the least amount of gas. For the next three weeks they drove the same cars, the same distance at the same time of day. He recorded his observations below: Honda Accord - Week 1- 30 gallons, Week 2 -28 gallons Week 3- 31 gallons. Toyota Camry - Week 1 -24 gallons, Week 2 -25 gallons Week 3 -24 gallons Nissan Sentra – Week 1 - 18 gallons Week 2 - 19 gallons Week 3- 27 gallons Honda Civic – Week1 - 10 gallons Week 2 - 9 gallons Week 3 - 9 gallons Put the above data in a data table.Model
Type of Car Honda Accord 30 28 31 Honda Civic10 99Toyota CamryWeek 1Week 2Week 3Nissan SentraAmount of Gas Used in gallons242524181927
How does data provide clues to answer the scientific question? Scientists must try to understand what the data means They make graphs of their data to help them understand the clues Scientists analyze the data to help them explain the answer to their question Only average data needs to be graphed so that the patterns can be compared.
How does data answer the question? Scientists look for patterns in the data Only accurate data is good dataMeasuring must be done carefully and correctly Trials must be repeated many times in order to find patternsData must be compared to the original predictionClear patterns in the data help to answer the scientific question
Let’s analyze our data Which car used the least amount of gas? Which car used the most amount of gas? If Cameron was driving a long distance which car would be best to drove based on data? Which car did not drive the same distance each week? Explain
1. Which car used the least amount of gas?2. Which car used the most amount of gas?If Cameron was driving a long distance which car would be best to drove based on data? 4. Which car did not drive the same distance each week? Explain
How to use the data to answer the question? A conclusion is an explanation about what the data from an investigation showed. It answers the question The conclusion must be based on observations and gathered data In your journal write a c onclusion for Cameron’s data.
Write a conclusion utilizing data. Exit Slip
Share and Write Accountable Talk
Pair Share Find a partnerTaller partner talk for 30 seconds to shorter partner, Talk about things that a scientist does to find answers to questions about the natural world Shorter partner talk for 30 seconds to taller partner, talk about more things that a scientist does to find answers to questions about the natural world Work with your partner
Write a summary paragraph to explain why variables are important in an experiment. Include a topic sentence, at least 4 detail sentences, and a concluding sentence.