By Matt Hall Beginnings and Foundational Guide 3 Key Ideals of Hitler 1Monarchist state form 2Civil Service 3The Army Need something that was comprised of these 3 elements Background Knowledge ID: 660661
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Slide1
THE ESTABLISHMENT RISE AND FALL OF THE GERMAN SA
By Matt HallSlide2
Beginnings and Foundational Guide
3 Key Ideals of Hitler-
1)Monarchist state form
2)Civil Service
3)The Army
Need something that was comprised of these 3 elementsSlide3
Background Knowledge
NSDAP- Hitler Joined in 1919
National Socialist German Workers Party
Origins unknown as to why.
Why?
Believed that the party needed something more then just average members.
Special/elite groupSlide4
Creation Of The SA
At first the SA was a collection of athletes called the gymnastic and sports division to avoid trouble with the government.
Then on October 5, 1921 officially became known as the
Sturmabteilung
( Storm uh tie
looung
) or SA.Slide5
What made them Unique?
The SA Wore an all brown Uniform with the NAZI arm sash.
They were given special jobs and assignments such as protect party meetings and party rally's.
Sometimes assigned to personnel.
Unmentioned Jobs???Slide6
The Bad Boy Club
Hitler encouraged them to instill fear in the communist political party's.
Were to become street thugs
Got into constant fights and became a public nuisance.
This was the first stepping stone to their road of power which will later cause issues with Hitler. ( Free Roam )Slide7
Appeal of the SA
Feeling of comradeship
Participate in a close knit community
Feeling of belonging to an important cause
Glorification of violence ( The bloodier the better )
Comrades at the FrontSlide8
Appeal Cont.
Not all appeal to the SA was violent.
Got to wear uniforms and participate in special meetings.
Participated in grand parades.
Showed deference within communities.Slide9
A Growing Problem
While the SA was comprised of just a few hundred men its membership rate was on a booming incline.
Ex. The showcase at
Coburg
.
Assembled quickly and showed loyalty.Slide10
The PutschSlide11
The Beer Hall Putsch
November 8&9 1923 Hitler and his SA made a seize of power in Munich, Bavaria.
Mobilized 600 SA men to surround a Beer Hall holding political opponents of Hitler at gunpoint.
The next day he and his men attempted a march on Berlin but were quickly defeated by men sent from Bavarian Govt.Slide12
Why Does This Matter?
Shows how quickly the SA could mobilize.
Shows that these men are willing to fight and die for their leader.
Had influence of local police/authorities
Shows overall strength plants the seed of fear even deeper into the hearts of those in the Government at that time.Slide13
Post Putsch
Hitler is in Jail
Ban on the NSDAP
Special emphasis ban on SA
The SA was dying
Whose DA- Boss?Slide14
Ernst Röhm
Close friend and ally of Hitler
Röhm put in charge of the SA when Hitler went to prison.
Tasked to rebuild the SA
Not allowed to re initiate it due to ban.
Will the SA die?Slide15
The Frontbann
Name change- National Socialist Freedom Party
SA renamed
Frontbann
New look old principlesSlide16
Röhm on a Rampage
Made the
Frontbann
shift from centralized to decentralized.
Own personal private army/guards.
Presented a memorandum on April 16.
30,000 men new face of the SA.
Röhm’s
absolute authority.
Ban lifted on Feb. 27, 1925- Hitler the new boss.Slide17
Big Changes = Big Problems
Hitler wanted new SA to be legitimate as a whole.
Hitler believed force was not the path to power.
Outlawed formation of armed groups within the SA.
No public actions taken without his direct orders.Slide18
Changes Cont.
New focus on being the embodiment of youth of the organization.
Master in the ways of propaganda.
No longer known as the bullies or bad boys.
Little to no street violence.
Members angry at new management. Slide19
A New Advertising Agency
New role of propaganda.
Ride around supporting NSDAP on bicycles, trucks, and go to social environments to show support for the party.
Act as a coercive force at meetings so that none are allowed to speak up or provide any contradictory remarks.Slide20
Röhm Is Back!
Eventually after Hitler rebrands the SA
he invites
Röhm to come back as its leader under Hitler.
Up to several hundred thousand men at this point.
Röhm and her officers were starting to push Hitler to somehow replace the professional army with the SA.Slide21
A New Face Needed
Push for SA to become new military force for all of Germany.
Hitler agreed that he needed a professional force but it would not come from the SA.
He looked at the SA as still nothing more than street thugs and tools for manipulation
. Slide22
Himmler and the SS
Schutzstffel
or SS re instituted in 1925
Himmler appointed as
its leader January 6, 1929
.
Will become the professional body guard for political leaders in the NSDAP.
Very secretive and extremely well trained and supplied.Slide23
A Rising Tide
Hitler becomes Chancellor on Jan. 31, 1933.
Goering a close personal friend of Hitler removes all Rep. officials in Prussia and replaces them with SA men.
Orders local police to avoid actions of the SA completely.
This gives the SA free roam all throughout Prussia.Slide24
Blood In The Streets
Feb. 22 Goering creates a force in Prussia of 50,000 men 40,000 of which were SA.
Told them to make use of firearms and to kill anyone ( communist ) who did not sympathize with the NAZI cause or was a menace to the state.
People were OK with this?!?! ( Propaganda )Slide25
The Nazi Party Is The Only Party
By Summer 1933 Nazi party had meshed Germany’s political and social institutions.
Took Hitler only 6
th
months after becoming Chancellor to accomplish this.
All old professions and organizations replaced by Nazi ones.
No more Red/ Marxist revolution.Slide26
Peace Is A Problem
While it seemed most average German citizens were happy over this newly found peace the SA was still longed to fight and continue cause bloodshed.
New Antagonist switches from communists to SA.
Dr. Gobbles uses propaganda to push SA sentiment for more revolution.Slide27
Just 3 Obstacles
By 1934 Hitler had complete control of Germany
Only 3 more obstacles stood in the way of total dominance. 1) Cries of the SA for a second revolution 2) Competition between the Germany Army and SA 3) Who would succeed Hindenburg as next President of Germany.Slide28
The New Threat
Radicalism of SA had troubled Hitler since his seize of power in 1934.
Fearful of a second revolution- Army vs SA
Worried that this would end his political career.
Röhm grows the SA to 2 ½ million men.
Presents a second memorandum which Hitler condemns.Slide29
Growing Tensions
Röhm angry that Hitler did not back him.
Growing tensions between Hitler’s cabinet leaders and the SA’s leaders.
Increased hostility between the Army and SA.Slide30
A Deal Is Made
On a routine naval exercise inspection Hitler strikes a deal with Commander of Army, Von Fritsch.
Assures him that the SA would not become a threat any longer and in return the army would back Hitler to becoming the new President.
Hitler realized in order to get this he must sacrifice the SA.Slide31
One Last Attempt
Hitler gives
Röhm one last chance to stand down.
Rhome tells Hitler ok but acts differently
He alongside Dr. Gobbles continue to cry for a second revolution and for replacement of the army with the SA.Slide32
Hitler Takes Action
Hitler decides to ban the SA for the month of July.
Not allowed to practice military exercises.
Not allowed to participate in parades.
Not allowed to wear their uniform.
Goering and Himmler convince Hitler its time to make a move.Slide33
The Putsch
Hitler convinced by Goering and Himmler
that the SA and
Röhm are planning a putsch.
Worried that due to their large numbers it may be possible.
He must strike first and strike hard if to hope suppress this upcoming coup.
Röhm expelled from all offices in Germany.Slide34
The Purge
Hitler sets up a meeting in Bad
Wiessee
for SA officers.
Hitler and a large force of SS men arrived at Munich first to start the purge but it had somehow begun.
Therefore with many SA officers dead he marches on to Bad
Wiessee
for
Röhm.Slide35
The Purge In Action
Once Hitler arrived with his SS men
he dragged
Röhm out of his bed along with his officers.
Had the officers
killed there and sent
Röhm back to Munich for imprisonment.
Then under a list Himmler complied a large scale purge was commenced.
“Night of the Long Knives.”Slide36
A Dying Breed
Almost all officers on Himmler’s list executed without trial.
In Berlin hundreds of SA men lined up on walls and shot dead in the streets.
Rhome given the chance to take his own life but refused. Told Hitler to do it and was then shot in his cell.Slide37
The SA No More
Most of the killing finished in July.
Commander of Army murdered in the purge.
Hitler is now Chancellor for life.
The SA is no more and the SS is now under direct control of Hitler and becomes his fighting force for WW2.
People expressed gratitude for the purge and by the end of it all Hitler was more popular than ever.