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The Great West & the agricultural revolution The Great West & the agricultural revolution

The Great West & the agricultural revolution - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Great West & the agricultural revolution - PPT Presentation

Chapter 26 American Pageant 13 th ed America moves West Army troops met formidable resistance by Native Americans 20 of US soldiers were African American buffalo soldiers After Civil ID: 440860

amp land west farmers land amp farmers west populist 2011 native http january party retrieved americans william years standard

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Slide1

The Great West & the agricultural revolution

Chapter 26

American Pageant

, 13

th

ed. Slide2

America moves West

Army

troops met formidable resistance by Native Americans

20% of U.S. soldiers were African American (buffalo soldiers)

After Civil War Americans moved to the West Encountered Native Americans & buffaloWithin 30 years, this landscape would change Between 1860 & 1890 Indians were sent to small reservations laden with empty promisesSlide3

Hostilities increaseSlide4

Hostilities decrease

Many

people sympathized with Native

AmericansMost just wanted white assimilation

Disease, the railroad, extermination of buffalo and firewater all ended native resistance Slide5

Forced assimilation

1887 Dawes Severalty

Act

dissolved tribes as legal entitieswiped out tribal ownership of

landprovided families 160 acres of landcitizenship in 25 years if behavedReservation land not allotted was sold to settlers; proceeds used for educationTried to make farmers out of Indians, ignored tradition of tribally held landsForced assimilation was Indian policy for 50 yearsSlide6

Mining Westward

Mining’s

first great

boomDiscovery, population boom, communities form

Gold and silver discoveries across West (CA, CO, ID, MT, NV)Boomtowns emerged, much crime & chaosFederal government supported large mining operations- provided inexpensive land, approved patents, provided RR land to move out oreMining boom helped fuel industrial growthCaused conflict with Native AmericansSlide7

Farming Westward

Homestead Act

1862

allowed settlers to acquire 160 acres of land by living on it for 5

years & making improvements Public land given away to fill it up, provide a family farm (500,000 people took advantage)More families than that bought land from railroads& land companiesLand speculators took advantage of system to grab up best land Railroads tempted immigrants with cheap landHigher wheat prices, iron plows made marginal land more attractive

However…

160

acres

inadequate to make a living; yields low

Drought

persistent problem, farming techniques led to “Dust Bowl” of the 1930’sSlide8

Moving Westward

Cities in the West served as a safety valve for defunct miners & farmers

“Oh shucks, I lost my farm. I’ll just move West.”

Good in theory, but an expensive venture

Some large-scale farms emergeTied to industry, reliant on one anotherFarming becomes mechanized and agribusiness appearedSlide9

Failing farms

Reasons for failing farms

Tenant farmers

Operated at a loss

Farmers overproduced driving prices down Government over assessed their land for taxesCorporations supplied farm equipment, seed, fertilizer; controlled

prices

Grain

storage operators and

railroads

charged high

fees

Nature

conspired against farmers- grasshoppers, floods, drought

In the South the boll weevil wreaked havoc on the cotton crop in the 1890’s

Farmers were slow to

organize; individualistic & independent, not well educated

The first major farmer’s organization was the

National Grange of the Patrons

of Husbandry

(The Grange)

Established

cooperatively owned stores, grain elevators and

warehouses

Entered

politics to control grain, freight prices, had biggest success in Upper MidwestSlide10

Populist Party

Late 1870’s Farmers’

Alliance established

in Texas

Grassroots movementBy 1890 over 1 million membersOrganized to break control of RR’s through cooperative buying and sellingIgnored plight of tenant farmers, excluded blacksRacial division kept farmers from working togetherBlacks formed Colored Farmers’ National Alliance

Populist Party

arose

as the direct successor to the Farmer’s Alliance

Populist party’s presidential candidate in 1892 was James B. Weaver

Influential Populist leaders were James B. Weaver, Mary Lease, Ignatius Donnelley, and William “Coin” Harvey

In a bid to win labor’s support, the Populist Party opposed injunctions against labor strikes Slide11

Populist Party Cartoon 1892Slide12

Jacob Coxey

Panic

of1893

strengthened

Populists’ position; depression loomedArmies of unemployed began marching to protest plight of labors & farmers Coxey’s “army” marched on Washington D.C., to demand that the government relieve unemployment with a public works program Slide13

Election of 1896

William “hard money” McKinley (R-Ohio) vs. William Jennings Bryan (D- Neb)

A “monetary” battle: gold standard or silver standard; Populists back silver

A

Republican victoryMcKinley was a “trust” man, for big business and big moneyGold Standard Act of 1900 allowed paper currency to be redeemed freely in gold, victory for conservativesSlide14

Adams, L. (2010). Retrieved on January 10, 2011 from

http

://lisaacademy.org/webshare/social%20studies/dean/APUSH/The%20Great%20West%20and%20the%20Agricultural%20Revolution.ppt

.

[Image of Helen Hunt book]. (20110. Retrieved on January 10, 2011 from http://booksxyz.com/profile1791691.php[Image of Indian land for sale]/ (20100). Retrieved on January 10, 2011 from http://www.virginiawestern.edu/faculty/vwhansd/his122/Images/Indian%20Land.jpg [Image of William McKinley]. (2011). Retrieved on January 11, 2011 from http://

www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williammckinley