To explain the effects of altitude on the body To be able to discuss the effects that altitude has on performance To explain why altitude training can be beneficial to performers What do you already know ID: 908586
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Slide1
Learning ObjectivesTo understand how altitude affects the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. To explain the effects of altitude on the body.To be able to discuss the effects that altitude has on performance. To explain why altitude training can be beneficial to performers.
Slide2What do you already know?How do gases move?What is the partial pressure of oxygen arriving back at the alveoli from the muscle?Where are the 2 sites of diffusion?What is a diffusion gradient?What happens when the diffusion gradient increases?
Slide3What does this picture show?
Slide4The factsAt sea level PO2 is 159mmHGWhat does this make the diffusion gradient to the blood capillary?At 3,600m above sea level, PO2 is 105mmHG2. What does this make the diffusion gradient to the blood capillary?3. How much has this reduced by?At 8,800m above sea level the PO
2
is around 43mmHg
4. What does this make the diffusion gradient?
5. What affect would this have on oxygen diffusion into the blood capillaries?
Slide5Effects on the bodyBreathing frequency:Increases/ decreases?Why?Blood volumeIncreases/ decreases?Why?Stroke volume?Increases/ decreases?Why?
What else will this effect?
Maximal cardiac output
Increases/ decreases?
Why?
What effect will this have?
Slide6Effects on performanceAltitude has little effect below 1500m.Above 1500m, for every 1000m above 1500m, VO2max drops by 8-11%.At the summit of Everest an average sea level VO2max of 62ml/kg/min can drop to 15ml/kg/min. Anaerobic events lasting less than one minute, such as sprinting, throwing and jumping activities are unaffected at moderate altitude. At higher altitude, air density is lower, which decreases air resistance and drag, resulting in faster speeds in activities such as alpine skiing and speed skating.
Slide72010 Football World Cup – 6 venues were 1,200m above sea level and 2 venues 1,750m above sea level.
2002 Winter Olympics – 1,228m above sea level. More records were broken here than at lower altitude games.
Slide8The effects of high altitude summaryPut these statements in the correct order:Decreased diffusion gradient to the muscle tissueDecreases PO2 in alveoli airIncreased breathing frequency, decreased blood volume and SV and increased HR
Decreased diffusion gradient to the capillary blood
Decreased O
2
supply for aerobic energy production
Decreases haemoglobin and O
2
association in the blood stream
Decreased VO
2
max, aerobic capacity, intensity and duration of aerobic performance before fatigue
Decreased O
2
transportation to the muscle tissue
Slide9What can be done to prepare athletes for this?From reading the article and watching the videos, can you get the answers to the following questions:What is acclimatisation?What advantages does it have?How far above sea level should altitude training be done?For how long?
What is LH+TL?
How long do the benefits of altitude training last?
Slide10Benefits to CV and Respiratory Systems
BR stabilises, but remain elevated at rest and during exercise when compared with sea level.
SV & Q reduce as oxygen extraction becomes more efficient. After 10 days acclimatisation, Q is lower at sub-max intensity. HR remains elevated.
EPO released within 3 hours of altitude exposure. Peaks 24-48 hours later. This increased red blood cell production Within 6 weeks exposure to 4,540m concentration can increased by 14%.
Reduce symptoms of altitude sickness
Slide11Home StudyDiscuss the importance of acclimatisation and the timing of arrival for an aerobic event at an altitude over 2,400m. (10 marks)REMEMBER:P – pointE – explain (say why & how)E – Example (be specific to a sport/ situation)You need to write at least 6 paragraphs to answer this question.
Example paragraph
At altitude over 1,500m VO2max decreases significantly. This means that for an aerobic event a athlete’s performance would decrease because the cardiovascular and respiratory systems have to work harder to deliver oxygen to the muscles. In an event such as the 3,000m an athlete would find that their time would increase due to the altitude and the effect this is having on their body.