Admit Slip- 1.) What appears to be happening in the painting? - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Admit Slip- 1.) What appears to be happening in the painting?2.) In your own words define the word revolution3.) What may be the reason(s) as to why a revolution could start?Slide2

Causes of the French Revolution Slide3

Impact of the American RevolutionThe American republic stood as a symbol of freedom to both France and Latin America.

The U.S. Constitution created the most democratic government of its time.

The success of the American Revolution would inspire major global changes as other people challenged the power of

absolute monarchs

.Slide4

Pre-Revolutionary FranceThe causes of the French Revolution can be categorized into four main categories; political, social, economic, and

intellectual.Much of the unrest in France was rooted in the unequal distribution of wealth among the three social classes, known as

estates.Slide5

Political CausesOn the eve of revolution, France was an absolute monarchy.Under absolutism, most people in France were denied basic rights and say in

government.Many of the monarchs in France had failed to meet the needs of its people, causing an uprising.

What does the term uprising mean?Slide6

Social InequalityEveryone in France belonged to one of three social classes called estates.The clergy made up the

First Estate, while the titled nobility composed the Second Estate.

These two classes held enormous

wealth

, did not have to pay

taxes

, and enjoyed special privileges.

The First Estate and the Second Estate only made up

2%

of the entire population of France.

Although the First and Second Estate made up a small percentage of the population, they held most of the

power

.Slide7

Social InequalityThe Third Estate made up close to 98% of French society, made up of the bourgeoisie, poor city workers, and rural farmers.The Third Estate was forced to pay heavy

taxes, and had no say in government rulings.

The Third Estate became increasingly discontent with their present role in French Society-

Majority

of Population= No

governmental

say.Slide8

Admit Slip 3/30What type of government did France have before the revolution?Why were the French citizens so unhappy with the government?What were the names of the social classes in

French society? Describe the classes- The ideas of what individuals helped spark the French people to revolt against a bad government?Slide9

Economic InjusticesThe government, with its expensive wars and lavish courts, spent more money than it earned.This caused a sharp increase in taxes

.Which estate was responsible for the heavy tax burden? ThirdBad harvests

caused food prices to

rise

.

Peasants and city dwellers began to riot as they could no longer afford to buy

food

.Slide10

Admit Slip 9/17What type of government is in place in France just prior to the revolution? Hint: The people do not like it.French society is divided into social classes called __________.Describe the social structure of F

rench society.Who benefits? Why?Who suffers? Why?Slide11

EnlightenmentEnlightenment thinkers disagreed with the absolute monarchy of France.

They called for a more democratic form of government.

Enlightenment ideas led many French to question the ordering of society.

It was not reasonable, they felt, for the First and Second Estate to have

privileges

over the

Third Estate

.

http

://www.history.com/topics/french-revolution/videos/origins-of-the-french-revolutionSlide12

Graphic OrganizerNow that we have completed our guided notes, turn this sheet over and complete the graphic organizer with your partner.Try not to look at your notes when completing the graphic organizer.Slide13

Exit SlipIn your notebook, write one category that the causes of the French Revolution can be classified under and one specific cause relating to that category.Then explain how that specific cause can bring about a revolution. (Use your definition of revolution from your admit slip to help you).Slide14

Admit Slip 3/31What is your life like if you were a member of the 3rd Estate in France?Describe how all the estates would vote on a particular issue in the Estates General?

Because of this, the 3rd Estate broke away and formed the __________ __________ and wrote what document?

The French Revolution officially started when the peasants stormed what?Slide15

Letter From Third EstateImagine that you are a member of the Third Estate in France, and you are planning an official meeting to discuss the issues and problems you are facing. Based on what you have learned so far this year, what would be the major talking points of the meeting? What would be your plan of action on how to fix the issues discussed in the meeting?

Write a letter addressed to the King, where you describe your life as a member of the Third Estate in France.Slide16

Stages of the RevolutionPeople became increasing displeased with the French government.Finally, King Louis XVI called the

Estates General to meet and discuss issues.The Estates General was made up of representatives from all three

estates

.

The

third

estate was very frustrated with both the first and second estates, because the first and second estates did not include the third estate in making changes to the government.

The third estate declared itself the

National Assembly

, and vowed to write a new constitution for France.Slide17

Storming of the BastilleWorking class people, already rioting over the price of bread, stormed a prison called the Bastille.The Bastille was thought to have

gun powder, in addition to prisoners punished by King Louis XVI.Fighting took place around the countryside, and

peasants

attacked nobles.

This event marked that start of the French RevolutionSlide18

VideoSlide19

Third Estate Fights BackThe National Assembly (Third Estate) abolished the privileges of the First and Second Estates and created a constitution called the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.

This was based on the Declaration of Independence, and included many Enlightenment ideas.Slide20

Admit Slip 4/1Draw and label the social structure in France prior to the revolution.Slide21

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the CitizenStates that all men have natural rightsJob of

government is to protect the natural rights of peopleGuarantees all male citizens

equality

under the law

States that people may practice any

religion

they choose

Taxes

would be based according to how much money people could afford. Slide22

Exit SlipHow is the Declaration of the Rights of Man similar to that of the Declaration of Independence? Slide23

Admit Slip 4/4How is the Declaration of the Rights of Man similar to that of the Declaration of Independence? “Reign of Terror”- What do you think this means?Slide24

A New Government is FormedIn 1791, the National Assembly (Third Estate) wrote a new Constitution that defined a new role and purpose for government:Set up a

limited monarchy with representative assemblyDeclared people had

natural rights

and it was job of government to protect these rights

Put

Church

under state controlSlide25

A New Government is FormedNews about the French Revolution spread quickly around Europe.Other European rulers were worried that revolutionary ideas may spread into their own countries.

Other European rulers offered to help France put down the rebellion (military).

In turn,

France

declared war on many

European

nations.Slide26

Reign of TerrorThe war with other European nations ended poorly for France.Radicals took control of the National Assembly, and ended the monarchy.

The Radical’s slogan was “liberty, equality

, and

Fraternity

”.

The period following was known as the “Reign of Terror”, led by

Maximilien Robespierre.Slide27

Reign of Terror- Maximilien RobespierreWas a radical revolutionaryDuring his reign, thousands of people were executed (guillotine

) and put into prison.The most famous to be executed were King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.

Within a year, the violence turned back on

Robespierre

.

He was executed by the guillotine, and the

Reign of Terror

was officially ended.Slide28
Slide29

http://www.history.com/topics/french-revolution/videos/coroners-report-guillotinehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nk8U4PYK1cESlide30

Exit Slip 9/16Maximilien Robespierre’s time in power was known as what?Why was it given this name?Slide31

Admit Slip 4/7Who was Robespierre?Describe the time period when Robespierre was in power. What was this period known as?After Robespierre, who emerges to lead France? What type of government finds its way back to France?Slide32

A New Leader Emerges When the revolution started, Napoleon Bonaparte was a low level military officer with dreams of glory.Napoleon rose through the ranks of the

military, winning many important battles.Napoleon became so powerful that he led a

coup d'état

, or a revolt by military leaders to overthrow a government

Napoleon proclaimed himself “

Emperor

of the French”, and had

absolute

power.Slide33

http://www.history.com/topics/french-revolution/videos/the-rise-of-napoleon?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=falseSlide34

Napoleon’s AchievementsMuch of Napoleon’s popularity came from his effective policies:Economy- Napoleon controlled prices, supported new industry, and built

roads and canalsEducation- established government supervised public

school

system

Napoleonic Code

- legal code (laws), that included

Enlightenment

ideas (equality of citizens and religious toleration.Slide35

Napoleon’s Rise and FallFrom 1804-1814, Napoleon ruled an empire, and conquered much of Europe.He often replaced defeated monarchs with friends and family to rule over newly acquired

land.Of all the European powers only Britain

and

Russia

remained out of Napoleon’s reach.Slide36

Invasion of RussiaIn 1812, Napoleon’s armies attempted to invade Russia from the west, however the Russians retreated

eastward.As the Russians retreated eastward, they practiced a strategy known as “

scorched earth

” where they would burn crops and villages.

This strategy left the French army

hungry

and

cold

.

Most of Napoleon’s army was lost during the harsh

Russian

winter.

Napoleon was finally defeated at the battle of

Waterloo

.Slide37
Slide38
Slide39

Map of Napoleon’s MarchSlide40

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEZqarUnVpoSlide41

Admit Slip 4/8What were some achievements of Napoleon?What military mistake is Napoleon famously known for?

What does Nationalism mean?Slide42

Effects of the French RevolutionNationalismThe French Revolution and the conquests of Napoleon inspired feelings of national pride and

unity.This pride and sense of national identity

replaced earlier loyalty to local authority and the monarch.

The conquests of Napoleon increased nationalistic feelings across

Europe

.Slide43

Latin American Independence MovementsIn the late 1700’s, Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas spread from Europe and the United States to Latin America.The success of the American Revolution showed that

foreign rule could be thrown off.Latin Americans were also encouraged at what the

French

were able to accomplish during their revolution.Slide44

HaitiThe French ruled over the colony of Haiti.In Haiti, French planters owned large sugar plantations

where over half a million enslaved Africans lived and worked in terrible conditions.The French treated the natives of Haiti with no respect.

Haiti became the

first

Latin American colony to revolt against Europe.Slide45

Toussaint L’OuvertureA self-educated former slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture

led a revolt.Toussaint was familiar with the writings of the Enlightenment period and wanted to lead his people to liberty.

Toussaint prove to be an effective

military

leader and gained control of much of the island.

Haitian slaves won their

freedom

in 1798.Slide46

South AmericaIn South America, Simon Bolivar led resistance movements against the Spanish in the early 1800’s.

He too was an admirer of the American and

French

Revolutions, and the

Enlightenment

.

He vowed to fight against Spanish rule, and was called “

the Liberator

.”

Over 12 years, Bolivar won independence for

Venezuela

,

Ecuador

,

Peru

, and

Bolivia

.

He later joined forces with

Jose de San Martin

and together they defeated the Spanish in Argentina and Chile.Slide47

Admit Slip 9/25Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture and what did he fight for?What is one way to make sure that a revolution does not take place?Slide48

Congress of ViennaAfter the defeat of Napoleon, European diplomats met at the Congress of Vienna.These diplomats wanted to devise a peace

settlement and restore order and stability to Europe.The diplomats also wanted to keep

France

from dominating the continent.

So, they restored power back to the

monarchs

.Slide49

Major Goals of the Congress of ViennaGive power back to the monarchs of Europe.Establish a

balance of power, or distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong.Return back to

traditional

way of life in Europe before

Napoleon

.

This was a victory for conservatives.

Conservatism

was a set of beliefs held by those who wanted preserve traditional ways

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-fall-of-napoleon-and-the-congress-of-vienna.html#lessonSlide50

New Revolutions in EuropeThe settlement reached at Vienna managed to help maintain peace for almost 100 years.However, revolutions took place within various nations in Europe shortly after.Revolutionaries were not happy with the diplomats restoring power back the monarchs.Slide51

New Revolutions in EuropeRevolts against the newly appointed monarchs took place all over Europe.There were two main reason why these revolts took place:Liberalism- those who wanted to get rid of the monarchs and have democratic governments.

Nationalism- people wanted independent nation states that were free from foreign rule.Slide52

Exit Slip 9/19What was one result of the Congress of Vienna?Slide53

Admit SlipWhat was the Congress of Vienna and what decision was made there?What occurred as a result of the decision made at Vienna in the other European nations?Slide54

LetterImagine that you are a member of the French Third Estate and you have just heard the decision that has been passed down from the Congress of Vienna. Write a letter addressed to your friend, who is unaware of the decision, and explain your thoughts and feelings regarding the decision.