Vocabulary Enlightenment Locke Voltaire Rousseau Enlightenment a period which produced new ideas about government Newton discovered natural laws governing the universe many believed there were natural laws governing politics economics and other aspects of society as well ID: 747986
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Slide1
Enlightenment
Element
: Identify the major ideas of the Enlightenment from the writings of Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau and their relationship to politics and society.
Vocabulary
: Enlightenment, Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau Slide2
Enlightenment
a period which produced new ideas about government
Newton discovered natural laws governing the universe
many believed there were natural laws governing politics, economics, and other aspects of society as wellSlide3
John Locke
Writings: “Second Treatise on Government”
In a natural state all people are equal and independent, and none have a right to harm another’s “life, health, liberty, or possessions.”Slide4
John Locke: Ideas
knowledge and worldview comes from one’s environment and experiences
reason above simple faith
people could be changed by altering their surroundingsSlide5
John Locke: Ideas
challenged the old view that monarchs possess a God-given right to rule
people were born with natural rights that included life, liberty, and property
For the good of society, people give up certain freedoms and empower governments to maintain order
citizens have the right to replace any government that fails to serve the public goodSlide6
Stop and Think!
How do you think these ideas might influence politics and society? Slide7
John Locke: Impact
fundamental to US Declaration of Independence
influenced Thomas Jefferson, “life, liberty and the pursuit of hapiness”Slide8
Voltaire
Writings: “On Intolerance”
“Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities.”
“I may not like what you have to say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”Slide9
Voltaire: Ideas
known for his criticism of Christianity
belief in religious toleration
championed deism
,
an eighteenth-century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
Deists believe the world is like a clock that God created and set according to his natural laws, and then let run without his interventionSlide10
Stop and Think!
How do you think Voltaire’s ideas might influence society and politics? Slide11
Voltaire: Impact
guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
European Monarchs reduce persecutionSlide12
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Writing: “The Social Contract”
“No man has any natural authority over his fellow men.”Slide13
Jean Jacques Rousseau: Ideas
argued that the general will of the people acted as a “social contract”
Everyone, citizens and the government, should abide by this agreement
In other words, the government should reflect the will of the people Slide14
Stop and Think!
How do you think Rousseau’s ideas might influence politics and society? Slide15
Jean Jacques Rousseau: Impact
inspired many of the leaders of the French Revolution who overthrew the monarchy in 1789
influenced socialism, and nationalismSlide16
Effects of the Enlightenment
a growing belief in progress
a more secular outlook
the growing importance of the individual
a period of Revolutions