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Enlightenment Ideas Spread

Chapter 5 section 2

Define the terms below:

Censorship

Salon

Enlightened despot

Baroque

R

ococo

Enlightenment Ideas Spread

Read Setting the Scene on page 149 as well as the Global Connections section

Benjamin Franklin

Chapter 5 Section 2

Enlightenment Ideas Spread

The Challenge of New Ideas

Educated people all over Europe eagerly read and consumed information.

Because of advances in printing technology, printers were making copies faster and cheaper

Pamphlets were made on a broad range of issues, that made readers see the need to change society .

The Challenge of New Ideas

Things were not as they were in the Middle Ages. Government and the Church felt they needed to defend the old ways

Censorship was used by the old orders in an attempt to control the Enlightenment

Enlightenment thinkers attempted to outsmart the censors, by creating works that were disguised as fiction, but addressed societal ills. (

Persian Letters,

Montesquieu,

Candide

, Voltaire, pg149)

The Challenge of New Ideas

The new ideas of the time were discussed in salons

Middle class citizens could meet with the nobility and exchanged enlightenment ideas across locations and social classes.

Enlightened Despots

Some enlightened thinkers attempted to reform society by enlightening the ruling class.

These “enlightened despots used their power to bring about political and social changes.

Frederick the Great

King of Prussia from 1740-1786

Saw himself as the “first servant of the state,” though he ruled his people with tight control

Accepted religious diversity “in my kingdom, everyone can go to heaven in his own fashion.”

Wanted Prussian government to be more

efficient

which lead to more power for himself

Catherine the Great

Was a major fan of Voltaire and Diderot

Influenced by enlightenment ideas and limited reforms in law and government early in her reign as empress

Like Frederick the Great she believed in the enlightenment ideas, but used them as ju

stification

to

increase her power and expand her em

pire

Catherine the Great

Catherine the Great

Joseph II

Joseph II

The most radical of the enlightened despots

Traveled in disguise amongst his subjects in order to learn their problems

Reformist, he granted toleration to Protestants and Jews within Catholic empire

Put an end to censorship and attempted to put the Church under royal control.

He did the most to reform the lives of his sub

jects

The Arts and Literature

1600’s and 1700’s, the arts evolved to meet changing tastes

Artists and composers had to please their patrons so they could get more commissions

Courtly art was art done in the Greek and Roman tradition, or a grand and complex style known as Baroque

Baroque Painting – The

Nightwatch

The

Nightwatch

is an oil painting by Rembrandt. This painting was completed in 1642 and is one of the most famous paintings in the world and is a great example of Baroque paintings.

Baroque Architecture -

Trevi

Fountain

 Is a fountain in the 

Trevi

 district in Rome, Italy, designed by Italian architect Nicola

Salvi

 and completed by 

Pietro

Bracci

in 1762.  It is the largest Baroque fountain in the city and one of the most famous fountains in the world.

The Arts and Literature

Characteristics of baroque paintings are that they were large in size, colorful, and the scenes were exciting.

Baroque paintings glorified historic battles or the lives of saints.

As a reaction to the baroque style the rococo style emerged in the mid 1700s.

Rococo art was personal, elegant and charming.

The Arts and Literature

For the first time, a growing middle class demanded their own paintings

Successful merchants and prosperous town officials wanted no frills paintings

New kinds of music emerge.

Ballets

Opera

Plays set to music

All began to be performed in this era

The Arts and Literature

Musical figures of the era

Johann Sebastian Bach,

http://www.biography.com/people/johann-sebastian-bach-9194289/videos

George Frederick Handel,

Messiah

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,

Requiem

http://www.biography.com/people/wolfgang-mozart-9417115/videos

`

Ave Maria

The Arts and Literature

1700s middle class readers were reading more than ever before.

A new type of literature developed during this time, the novel

Middle class readers enjoyed these books because of the straight forward writing of stories about their own times.

Daniel Defoe wrote

Robinson Crusoe

(pg153)

Lives of the Majority

The vast majority of European society were still peasants who lived in small rural villages.

Culture was based on rituals and traditions of the past

Worked at tenants for large landowners, some were day laborers, or worked on other people’s farms.

Central and Eastern Europe still had the feudal system and serfdom

Very few people were a part of the new enlightened middle class.

ADD TO YOUR BINDER

Answer questions 1-5 on page 153