Mrs Short Hilliard Davidson High School World Studies The Enlightenment Enlightenment thinkers believed all institutions should follow natural laws to produce the ideal society The ideas of the Enlightenment ID: 697104
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Slide1
The Age of Enlightenment
Mrs. Short
Hilliard Davidson High School
World StudiesSlide2
The Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers believed all institutions should follow natural laws to produce the ideal society.The ideas of the Enlightenment influenced European architecture, art, music and literature.Enlightenment ideas
influenced politics and how Europe's’ individual nations were chiefly guided by the
self-interest of their rulers
.
The
American Revolution
and the formation of the
United States of America
seemed to
embody Enlightenment political ideals
.Slide3
The Ideas of the EnlightenmentThe Philosophes
philosophe
– French for “philosopher”
applied to all intellectuals during the Enlightenment
natural laws
ideal society
Isaac Newton
influenced European architecture, art, music and literatureSlide4
Social Contract
social contract (abstraction)
v
oluntary agreement
why we have societyThomas Hobbes
(
absolute monarchy
)
John Locke (limited constitutional monarchy)Jean-Jacques Rousseau (democracy) general will, popular sovereignty, universal manhood suffrageHow does the ‘social contract’ impact you today?Slide5
Charles de Montesquieu
separation of powerschecks and balancespopularized word “feudalism”
#America
#Government
“Liberty is the right
to
do what
the
law permits.”“The tyranny of a prince in an oligarchy is not so dangerous to the public welfare as the apathy of a citizen in a democracy.”“Useless laws weaken the necessary laws.”Slide6
Charles-Louis
de Seondat,
the Baron
de MontesquieuSlide7
Laissez-Faire
Adam Smith
Laissez-faire
– the concept that the state should not impose government regulations, but should leave the economy alone
Worksheet “Adam Smith and Laissez-Faire”Slide8
Voltaire
Parisian (from Paris)deism – clockmakercriticized the Churchstrong belief in religious tolerance
“Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers
.”Slide9
Voltaire Quotes
“I do not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.”“It is forbidden to kill; therefore all murderers are punished unless they kill in large numbers and to the sound of trumpets.”“Common sense is not so common.”“Each player must accept the cards life deals him or her: but once they are in hand, he or she alone must decide how to play the cards in order to win the game.”Slide10
Deism
Deism – an 18th century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law
Based on a Newtonian world machine
Championed by VoltaireSlide11
Diderot
Encyclopediaused to attack religious superstition
“Man will never be free until the last king is strangled with the entrails of the last priest.”
A
SHORT
Activity
In groups, create a list of 5 items you wish you had discovered/invented that are in the encyclopedia today. Why these five?Slide12
Reason and
Natural Lawreason
– the application of the scientific method to an understanding of all life
Natural law
Progress
Better society
hope
natural law
- an ethical belief or system of beliefs supposed to be inherent in human nature and discoverable by reason rather than revelation (diminishes church power)DISCUSSION: Why do you think that these are the two most important concepts of the Enlightenment?First written about 100s of year before The EnlightenmentSlide13
Enlightenment on the Role of Women
Mary Wollstonecraft:A Vindication of the Rights of WomenPointed out hypocrisy
of men:
Arbitrary (at one’s discretion; random) power of monarchs over MEN =
wrong
Women should OBEY men =
rightSlide14
Enlightenment on the Arts
LiteratureLiteracy (the ability to read) increasedRealistic novels became popularArchitectureModeled on Italian
Baroque
style of 1500s
Palace of Louis XIV at Versailles (VER-SIGH)Rococo art
Music
Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (classical music)Slide15
rococo
– an artistic style that replaced baroque in the 1730s; it was highly secular, emphasizing grace, charm and gentle action
RococoSlide16
Artistic MovementsSlide17
Music
Classical Music Joseph Haydn The Creation (long. super long)The Season
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
The Marriage of Figaro
(5 min)
The Magic Flute
Don GiovanniSlide18
Enlightened Absolutism and the Balance of PowerLesson 3
enlightened absolutism – a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers (absolute monarchy)
freedom
less freedom = PROBLEMS
failure (hot mess)
Balance of Power
18
th
century philosophers believe that it was better for the nations to have similar amounts of power.DISCUSSION: Why do you think that they thought this was a good idea?Slide19
The American Revolution
The
American Revolution
and the formation of the
United
States
of America
seemed to embody Enlightenment
political ideals.Enlightenment = CauseRevolution = EffectBack-storyGlorious Revolution (1688)French and Indian War (1754-1763)7 Years’ War (1756 and 1763)Treaty of Paris (1763)Slide20
The American Revolution BeginsWe Win
“No taxation without representation.”
The Birth of a
New Nation
Not the RACIST movie Birth of a Nation
The Constitution
The Bill of
Rights
The Glorious Revolution (British Bill of Rights, 1688)Slide21
Enlightenment Ideas and the Constitution
DISUCSSION
:
Which contribution do you think is the most important? Why?Slide22
The Bill of Rights
A SHORT Time to PonderWhat do you think about our Bill of Rights? What would the Enlightenment thinkers like and/or dislike about it?Slide23
Connections: Enlightenment Values and
American Revolution