INFINITIVE vs GERUND Inna - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

INFINITIVE vs GERUND

Inna KrigerSchool 32ProkopyevskSlide2

INFINITIVE с частицей TO[ to + V ]

1. Для выражения цели:

She went to the supermarket to buy some cheese.

2.

После глаголов, обозначающих отношение к будущему действию другого лица

(agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse, want, etc.) в структурах SOMEBODY TO DO SOMETHING:I expect him to be here.I want you to come.She hopes them to arrive without delays.

3.

Для

выражения определенного предпочтения после

WOULD LIKE, WOULD PREFER, WOULD LOVE

:

I

would love

to come

to your party. Slide3

INFINITIVE с частицей TO[ to + V ]

4.

После прилагательных, обозначающих чувства и эмоции (

happy, glad, sad, etc.),

готовность / неготовность

(

eager, reluctant, willing, etc.), проявление черт характера человека (clever, kind, etc.), прилагательных lucky и fortunate по отношению к какому-либо действию:I was sad to hear you were not feeling well.She was eager to help him.He was lucky

to win

the competition.

5.

После TOO, ENOUGH:She’s old enough to watch the film.

6.

После

BE + the first/second/next/last

, etc.:

She

was the first person

to call

me on my birthday.Slide4

INFINITIVE с частицей TO[ to + V ]

7

. После глаголов (и выражений с ними) ask, decide, explain, find out, learn, want, want to know

, etc., когда за ними следует вопросительное слово (where, when, etc.

)

:

She

asked me where to get the tickets.8. В устойчивых выражениях: to tell you the truth, to be honest, to sum up, to begin with:To sum up, the government needs to take measures to deal with unemployment more effectively.9. После некоторых существительных (honor, goal, way, etc.):It’s an

honor

to take part

in this festival.

You can find a better way your time.Slide5

INFINITIVE с частицей TO[ to + V ]

10.

После SO + Adjective + AS:

Would you be so kind as to help

me with the door?

11. После

ONLY

, выражающим неудовлетворительный результат:She drove all the way to the mall only to find it was closed.12. После FOR+NOUN/PRONOUN:It was very unusual for John to speak so rudely.Slide6

INFINITIVE без частицы TO[ V ]

1. После модальных глаголов:

Sally can speak

Portuguese fluently.

2. После глагольных выражений

LET, MAKE, SEE, HEAR, WATCH, NOTICE, FEEL + SOMEBODY

(

Complex Object):They let him travel on his own.НО! с be made, be heard, be seen (в Passive Voice) инфинитив употребляется с частицей TO!She was seen to speak to flowers in her garden.

3

. После

HAD BETTER, WOULD RATHER

:You had better put a jacket on.НО!

После

HELP

можно употреблять инфинитив с

TO

и без

TO

She

helped me

(to) carry

the baggage.Slide7

GERUND [ Ving ]

1. В роли подлежащего:

Exercising is good for your health.

2. После

глаголов

admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, continue, deny, fancy, go (for adj.), imagine, mind, miss,

practise

, prevent, quit, save, suggest:You should avoid eating junk food.I appreciate your coming.3. После глаголов love, like, enjoy, prefer, dislike, hate для выражения общего предпочтения:Brian prefers walking alone.

4. После выражений

be busy, it’s no use, it’s no good, it’s (not) worth, what’s the use of, can’t help, there’s no point (in), can’t stand, have difficulty (in), have trouble, etc.

:I have difficulty (in) understanding what he says.Slide8

GERUND [ Ving ]

5. После глаголов spend, waste, lose (time, money):

He spends an hour

playing the guitar every day.

6. С глаголами, выражениями:

think

of, apologise for, object to, look forward to, be used to, in addition to

:She’s looking forward to receiving a letter from him.I was thinking of calling John.7. После глагола PREFER:She prefers walking to driving on the way to work.

8. После глаголов

hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, feel

(для обозначения незавершенного действия):I saw Paul waiting for the bus.НО! Для обозначения завершенного действия

–

инфинитив без частицы

to:

I

didn’t see Paul

get

on the bus.