pp115 1 Getting acquainted with Shakespeare 2 A look at Shakespeare s London 3 The Elizabethan Theater The Global Theater 4 Biography of Julius Caesar and brief historical overview ID: 685019
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Slide1
Julius Caesar: the “foremost man of all the world.” pp.115Slide2
1.
Getting acquainted with Shakespeare
2. A look at Shakespeare’s London3. The Elizabethan Theater - The Global Theater 4. Biography of Julius Caesar and brief historical overview5. Analysis of Acts6. Questions and quote sheets corresponding with respective acts.7. Essay Questions8. Review Sheet
OverviewSlide3
Part 1: Introductory MaterialThe Text, p.4
Read page 4 and discuss why you think many editors chose to rearrange Shakespeare’s words:
the modernization of spelling and grammarthe creation of consistent iambic pentameter Note: your text has not chosen this conventionSlide4
Who is William Shakespeare?Check out with phonesSlide5
Queen Elizabeth IJulius Caesar Similar to Elizabethan England
Her reign was drawing to a close and she did not have any successors to throne.People were concerned about peaceful transition of power because there were threats of rebellion.This political concern becomes a major concern of the play- the struggle for power and what it does to those who engage in it. This theme is shared in the respective histories of Rome and England and therefore would appeal to Elizabethan audiences.Slide6
The Global TheaterSlide7
Interactive Global TheaterLet’ s take a tourSlide8
Looking inside…Slide9
The Elizabethan Theater
Inn yards: common folks
Balconies: gentry Social classes Divided stage :planks-improvisedFlag Slide10
Looking around…Slide11
Introducing:Julius Caesar: the “foremost man of all the world.” pp.115Slide12
“Beware the Ides of March”Slide13
The death of Caesar was considered one the vilest crime in all of history.Slide14
The stab wound #23 was the fatal wound!
According to Noah
Charney on Art Crime and Art Historical Mysteries in his book The Secret History of ArtCaesar could have survived all other wounds!And Caesar was stabbed coming out of the senate and not as guidebooks state coming from the Theater of MarcellusSlide15
Shakespearean TriviaRefer to p.147 of your text
Caesar and LincolnSlide16
Introduction to Julius Caesar
Best known of Shakespeare’s tragedies
Taken directly from Roman historyOnly play that deals with a historical personage of “the highest magnitude.” p.5Caesar has been a historical figure that has intrigued both Elizabethan and modern audienceWhy is this so?Slide17
A Problem Play :Who is the central character?
Julius Caesar?
Brutus?The city of Rome? Refer to page 5Is Caesar a Hero or tyrant?Elizabethans perspectiveAmerican perspectiveModern perspective Refer to pages 5 &6Slide18
I say Caesar you say?Tyrant
HeroSlide19
Julian Calendar & Gregorian Calendar
Julian Calendar
Julius – month of JulyWho still uses Julian calendar?The Berber people of North Africa on Mt. AthosThe Orthodox Church uses it to calculate movable religious feastsSlide20
Julius Caesar revealed…Accomplishments:
Aqueducts-this one is in Rome
Greatest Roman General and statesman of his timeStudent of Greek and LatinMilitary geniusImpoverished aristocrat - TriumvirateAttacked bribery in existing political system and made taxation fair for the common peopleConquered peoples always treated justlyLaw - legal system developed based on the idea must be for the good of the people who are governedPeople loved him and were ready to make him king - problem Rome had a republican form of government!Quite a resume!http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ancient-roman-achievements.htmlSlide21
Cornelia, the first wife of Caesar
The daughter of
Sulla a Roman general and conservative statesmenThe mother of Juliahttp://www.google.ca/search?hl52Fen.wikipedia.orgSlide22
The wives of Caesar
Calpurnia
, The wife of Caesar in this playPompeia, Caesar’s second wifeSlide23
The other womanSlide24
Caesar’s daughter Julia: the 4th
wife of Pompey- known for her beauty
and virtue-once engaged to Brutus!Slide25
BETRAYALTHEMATIC STATEMENT
EXAMPLESSlide26
Historical Background to Julius CaesarBefore Act 1
By Isaac Asimov
Read pp.115-119Slide27
Pompey: Historical Overview
-Brilliant general and in 70 B.C. elected to Consul
- Cicero and Caesar supported Pompey and helped him obtain supreme command of Roman armies in the East - when Pompey returned from the East in 62 B.C. Caesar suggested that Pompey, Crassus and himself form a political alliance known as the First Triumviratehttp://www.mikeanderson.biz/2013_05_01_archive.htmlSlide28
The TriumvirateRome- 250 years kings and monarchy -
Tarquin
the Proud overthrown as an oppressive king/ revolt led by Brutus ( ancestor of Brutus in play) and replace monarchy with Republican form of governmentRome - Republican State-Ruled by the PeoplePlebeian - elect Tribunal- PatriciansPlebeian:cobbler / carpenter Tribunes:Marullus / Flavius Patricians:Roman NobilitySlide29
First Triumvirate- the three-Pomphey, Crassus & Ceasar
Death of PompeyJulia his wife and Caesar’s daughter caused the bond between Pompey and Caesar to die. In 55 B.C., Crassus was killed in a campaign and Pompey and Caesar seriously vied for power. Caesar in charge of the army, joined by Mark Antony, marched on Rome and defeated Pompey. This was the first time Pompey was defeated on the battlefield and he fled to Egypt where he was killed by someone who wished to win Caesar’s favor ( supposedly). Caesar went on to defeat Pompey’s sons.Caesar : Ambitious man 44 B.C. Made dictator for life / absolute rule Mark Antony offered him the crown -complication March 15/ Ides of March he was killed by conspirators threatened by the idea of kingship taking over their Republican form of government-feared dictatorship.Slide30
Military GeniusSlide31
Shakespeare’s time-plays divided into 5 Acts
A modern play characteristically had three acts. The Elizabethan audience, due to lack of seats, moved about freely. They did not want breaks or intervals because they were there to be entertained.
Act 1: Exposition: informs the audience , supplies background information.Act 2: Complication: characters begin to embroil themselves in various problems and conflicts.Act 3: Climax : highest point of actionAct 4: Resolution: situation has to be sorted out -resolved Act 5: Denouement: all complications of the plot are unraveled, the untying of knots. If the play is a tragedy, the word catastrophe (meaning disaster) is used.Slide32
Time Compression of play by Shakespeare
Time of Play’s Action:
Day 1: Act 1. sc.1&2 ---- Feb.15, 44 B.C. Day 2: Act 1. sc.3 ---- Mar.14, 44 B.C. Events of play 3 years; ShakespeareDay 3: Act 2. sc.3 ---- Mar.15, 44 B.C. Reduces time to 6 days!Day 4: Act 4. sc.4 ---- Nov.43 B.C.Day 5: Act.4 sc. 2&3 Day 6: Act.5 ---- Oct.42 B.C.Slide33
Julius CaesarAct III, scene I, lines 65-67
“But I am constant as the Northern Star,
Of whose true-fixed and resting quality,There is no fellow in the firmament.”What does this reveal about this man?How Caesar saw himselfSlide34
As Constant as the North StarSlide35
HOW DOES CAESAR SEE HIMSELF?Slide36
Dramatic Technique
1. Spectacular - Supernatural
2. Dramatic Irony3. Nemesis: - just punishment {Cassius and Brutus}4. Suspense: conspiracy & battle 5. Fate: the intervention of some force, over which we have no control; a force which determines human destiny .Battle -> Cassius eyesight led him to send Pindarius to report the success of Titinius and resulted in his death.Caesar -> interpretation of Calpurnia’s dream6. The Oracular : Prophetic utterances which determine human procedure. Ex: Soothsayer & Caesar’s spirit.7. Tragic HeroSlide37
Terms: reminder terms sheet
Oxymoron
a figure of speech which juxtaposes elements that appear to be contradictory. Oxymora appear to be seemingly self-contradictory effect, as in “cruel kindness” or “to make haste slowly.” .Slide38
Metonymy
Metonymies are frequently used in literature and in everyday speech. A metonymy is a word or phrase that is used to stand in for another word. Sometimes a metonymy is chosen because it is a well-known characteristic of the word.
One famous example of metonymy is the saying, "The pen is mightier than the sword," which originally came from Edward Bulwer Lytton's play Richelieu. This sentence has two examples of metonymy:•The "pen" stands in for "the written word."•The "sword" stands in for "military aggression and force."Slide39
Themes-thematic statements needed
S
truggle for power and what this struggle does to men who engage in itEt tu, Brutus? Then fall Caesar ( Caesar, p.59).“Not that I loved Caesar less, but I loved Rome more” ( Brutus , p.66) Had you rather Caesar were living and you die all slaves” ( Brutus, p.67)Caesar,now be still: I killed thee with half so good a will.” ( Brutus,p. 108)The noble ideals of man-Brutus, the tragedy of honesty and idealism in a world of human vanity and self- interest “ This was the noblest Roman of them all” (Antony at Brutus death, p, 109)Ambition, greed, pride, corruption etc. “ The lowliness of young ambition’s ladder…once attains…unto the ladder [he]turns his back” (Brutus, p.36).The death of liberty; “Stoop Romans, stoop And let us bathe our hands in Caesar’s blood…waving red weapons over our heads…cry, Peace , freedom, liberty” ( Brutus p. 60)Slide40
Themes-thematic statements neededHonor
, friendship, loyalty to the state,
patriotism“Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead !” ( Cinna, p.59)Manipulation and persuasion to acquire power - the end justifies the meansAppearance versus reality: “Let not our faces put on our purposes” ( Brutus p. 41). “And half their faces buried in their cloaks” ( Lucius p.37) “Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers” (Brutus,p.40Slide41
Themes-thematic statements neededCan we use…
Absolute power corrupt absolutely?
The end justifies the means?Wisdom is gained through suffering?Evil lies within?How can we fine tune these?“Cowards die many times before their deaths; but the valiant never taste death but once” (Caesar, p.46)Slide42
Corruption of PowerIn the attainment of power we often corrupt ourselves
One thing corruption of power reveals is the truthSlide43
AmbitionGreat ambition is the passion of a great character. Those endowed with it may perform very good or very bad acts. All depends on the principles which direct them.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Read more at http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/n/napoleonbo150168.html#eCFy8lQM6hsjr6eJ.99 Macbeth:I have no spurTo prick the sides of my intent, but onlyVaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself,And falls on th'other. . . .Macbeth Act 1, scene 7. 25–28Slide44
Appearance versus RealityThere is no vice so simple but assumes
Some mark of virtue on his outward parts.”
― William Shakespeare, The Merchant of VeniceThere is evil so simple as one that pretends to be good outwardlyThere is flattery in friendship- William Shakespeare“Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look. He thinks too much. Such men are dangerous” Caesar, p.21)Slide45
Supernaturalforeshadows/creates atmosphere/affects characters
’
behaviorssoothsayer, storm (owl, omens, blood, fire, eagle, lions), strange behaviors of men and beasts, omens of evil, dreams of Calpurnia, Caesar’s ghost/spiritShakespeare’s use of night and storms Reveals ConflictSlide46
Setting, Mood and Atmosphere
Setting, Mood and Atmosphere
Best scene?Slide47
Make the connections; Symbolism - Supernatural – Foreshadowing and External Conflict
Example#1: pp.26-27 Example of
of pathetic fallacy: a false belief that nature reflects what is going on in the lives of people. Casa supported this view point (p.33) Do we do this today? Springtime?Act 1 sc.3 Thunder and lightning Casca meets with Cicero and notes: “tempest dropping fire”“ocean swell, and rage”, “civil stife in heave” a slave’s “ left hand did flame and burn like twenty torches’“against the Capitol I met a lion”“hundred ghastly women”The “bird of night” at “noon-day” was “hooting and shrieking” Slide48
Calpurnia’s Dream: “When beggar’s die , there are no comets seen” ( Calpurnia, p.46)
Calpurnia pp. 45-46
Lioness whelped in the streetGraves yawned, and yielded up their deadFierce fiery warriors fight upon the cloudsCaesar’s statue:Like a fountain with an hundred spouts Did run pure blood , and many lusty Romansdid bathe their hands in it InterpretationFlash back to Casca And CiceroWarningDecius: Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck Reviving blood, p.48 The Senate have concluded To give the crown to mighty Caesar p. 48 if you do not come their mind may change!Slide49
Death of Cinna, the poet Act 3 scene 3,p.74
Dreamt he did feast with Caesar
Plebeians - mob – kill him for his name and bad poetry“ Tear him for his bad verses”Civil strife has begun – ‘the dogs of war have been let slip’ there is ‘mutiny and rage’Slide50
Portia: Brutus’ Wife
Portia
: Brutus’ wife. Find lines which illustrate Portia’s strength: Wounds herself? p.43 read counterpart of Brutus and a worthy mate for Brutus shares Brutus’ innermost thoughts embraces Stoic philosophy of her husbandanxious about Brutusintelligence and insightfulunderstands rights as wife in partnership of marriagecan be trustedhonorable lineage shows strengthwoman of dignity who demands respectloves BrutusHOW DOES SHE KILL HERESELF?Slide51
Calpurnia: Caesar’s WifeCalpurnia:
wife of Caesar
not one to believe in superstitionsfearfulwilling to lieastute*identity as wife of Caesar*barren*loves CaesarSlide52
Brutus and Antony
Brutus Antony
Honorable DishonorableBeloved by friends, held in high regard Gamesome, without friends except CaesarNo interest in sports Strong athleteIntelligent, kind, considerate Appeals to emotions versus intellect Cruel Straight forward & honest Cunning, deceitful, politically shrewdDomineering with Cassius Submissive towards OctaviusIndependent in action Dependent upon CaesarPure living Playboy mentality Slide53
Brutus and Cassius
Brutus Cassius
Stoic Philosophy Epicurean Philosophy Man of actionOverbearing in his values & beliefs Submissive Acts on honorable principle Acts on impulseWeak organizer, Strong organizerPolitically naïve Politically shrewd Weak leader Strong leaderHonor in crime Dishonorable in crime - letters & bribesKills Caesar for patriotism Kills Caesar personal jealousy, envy & hatredSlow in anger and forgiveness Hasty temper but quick recovery Slide54
Tragedy Brainstorm characteristics of tragedy.
Slide55
Brutus as Tragic Hero
A tragic hero is a man of
noble stature and birth who through his own flaw in character precipitates an event which causes his ultimate downfall. If the fall of the hero is to arouse emotions of pity and fear on the part of the audience, the fall must be from a great height. What evidence is there that Brutus was of noble birth and stature?What is Brutus’s tragic character flaw /his error in judgment? What event is precipitated?The tragic hero is pre-eminently great but not perfect; his fall from greatness leads to self knowledge. Therefore, his tragic flaw {idealism of Brutus} is not a pure loss due to his discovery of his understanding from his defeat. Slide56
Brutus as Tragic HeroHow is Brutus not perfect?
List the mistakes he made:
His internal conflict is part of his self - knowledge. What is this conflict and what does he discover about himself?The punishment exceeds the crime of the tragic hero leaving the audience feeling pity for the protagonist.List how Brutus is punished :Note: How does the audience respond to Brutus?Slide57
Discuss: What about Julius Caesar as a tragic hero?Slide58
Imagery Blood
Fire
DarknessLightBirds Slide59
Irony : dramatic V
erbal,
SituationalDramatic irony Slide60
Examples of Irony: BrainstormSlide61
ForeshadowingSoothsayer
Cassius comments about Antony,
Caesar’s comments about Cassius Dream of Calpurnia Supernatural omens [turmoil reflected]Slide62
IMPORTANT
Funeral Speeches of Brutus and Antony
Argumentative /Persuasion Techniques in speeches Brutus as a Shakespearean Tragic Hero (flaw, pathos, catharsis) Conflict: External/Interpersonal and Internal Themes: The struggle of Good and Evil/The Dual Nature of HumankindCharactersSoliloquysSetting Mood And AtmosphereGo over Question and Quote Sheet