on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury MTBI in Youth Football Athletes INTRODUCTION Background MTBI also known as concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury caused by a bump blow or jolt to the head that causes negative consequences to brain function specifically in cognition and moveme ID: 759508
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Slide1
MIPS Project ReportEffects of a Chocolate Milk Product on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) in Youth Football Athletes
Slide2INTRODUCTION
Slide3Background
MTBI, also known as concussion, is a type of traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head that causes negative consequences to brain function, specifically, in cognition and movement control by the brain. MTBI can also occur from a blow to the body that causes the head and brain to move back and forth, which is often observed in almost all sports.
Sports are associated with incredibly high numbers of MTBI
incidents,
especially in youth and collegial
sports.
MTBIs
in children and young athletes can cause serious health-related
issues,
such as memory lapses and brain swelling, which can sometimes lead to fatal consequences. Institute of Medicine estimates that the MTBI risk for males in football is about 75% and the risk for females in soccer is about 50
%
.
Slide4Background
Because of the importance of BCAAs in energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis in the brain, previous studies investigated the effects of the intravenous supplementation (
Aquilani
et al.
2005
) and dietary supplementation of BCAAs (
Cole
et al.
2010
) on the cognition of patients with brain injuries and observed the improved cognition in the injured patients with the
supplementation.
Previous studies showed that mice with brain trauma exhibited faster improvement in cognitive function following the oral consumption of BCAAs immediately after the injury. The efficacy of brain healing following concussions in humans is currently under investigation in the scientific community.
In
these study, BCAAs are being administered orally to subjects to assess their ability to improve healing.
However, the efficacy of the dairy products containing BCAAs has not been studied and is not currently under investigation to our knowledge.
Slide5Chocolate Milk
Chocolate
milk has been shown to be an effective post-workout recovery drink. Its balance of fast-absorbed and sustained-released proteins provides a quick burst of amino acids followed by a continuous supply over several more hours. Chocolate milk also provides a sustained source of carbohydrates and calcium which are critical for the recovery process after brain injuries.
Fifth Quarter Fresh
TM
(FQF
),
a natural fat-free chocolate milk recovery drink
, was used for this study.
The protein in FQF contains a natural blend of fast absorbed whey protein and sustained release casein protein that are the essential amino acids muscles require for quick muscle repair and muscle fiber building.
FQF is
also pasteurized at a normal temperature to preserve all of its amino acids. FQF differs from most protein recovery drinks that use whey products, which are Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) pasteurized and dried at high heat. The high heat damages protein and makes it less absorbable by the body.
FQF
also contains higher levels of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium than regular chocolate milk. These electrolytes are critical to helping the body replace lost nutrients and to retain the fluids that are needed for recovery of muscle and brain cells.
Slide6PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Slide7Research Site & Facilities
The Neuromechanics Laboratory
(NML) at the University of Maryland, College Park, conducted the study
The
NML (
6,500
sq
ft
)
is
equipped with two
Kincom
machines;
Noraxon
18-channel electromyography system;
Kistler
,
Bertec
, and AMTI six-component force plates and load cells; 12-camera
Vicon
motion capture/analysis
system, Visual 3D, and Kwon3D
motion analysis systems; electro-goniometers; three treadmills; and a stationary metabolic analysis system. This research space is well equipped with computers and software necessary for data collection and
analysis
Slide8Participants
Slide9Participants & Experimental Design
SubjectsHigh school football players in Washington Co., MD7 schools (n=66, n=62, n=70, n=109, n=68, n=33, n=66; Total=474)Experimental Design & StatisticsRepeated-measures design2-Way Repeated-Measures ANOVA1 within-subject factor: Pre-season vs. Post-season1 between-subject factor: Milk group vs. Non-milk groupSignificance level: p<.10
9
Slide10Tests: High School Football
ImPACT TestWord Discrimination: Evaluates attentional processes and verbal recognition memory utilizing a word discrimination paradigmDesign Memory: Evaluates attentional processes and visual recognition memory using a design discrimination paradigmX's and O's: Measures visual working memory as well as visual processing speed and consists of a visual memory paradigm with a distractor task that measures response speedSymbol Matching: Evaluates visual processing speed, learning and memoryColor Match: Represents a choice reaction time task and also measures impulse control and response inhibitionThree Letter Memory: Measures working memory and visual-motor response speed
10
Slide1111
Slide12RESULTS #1
High School Football Players
without Concussion
Slide13Slide14All Composite Scores
Slide15ImPACT: Verbal Memory Composite Score
A higher score indicates better performance on the Verbal Memory CompositeNo change in Milk & decrease in No Milk (p=.087): positive result
Slide16ImPACT: Visual Memory Composite Score
A higher score indicates better performance on the Visual Memory CompositeIncrease in Milk & decrease in No Milk (p=.062): positive result
Slide17ImPACT: Processing Speed Composite Score
A higher score indicates better performance on the Processing Speed CompositeNo statistical differences
Slide18ImPACT: Reaction Time Composite Score
A higher score indicates better performance on the Reaction Time CompositeNo statistical differences
Slide19ImPACT: Impulse Control Composite Score
A lower score indicates better performance on the Impulse Control CompositeNo changes in Milk & increase in No Milk (p=.084): positive result
Slide20Individual Scores
with significant statistical interactions
Slide21ImPACT: Correct distractors (immediate)
Slide22ImPACT: Learning Percent Correct
Slide23ImPACT: Correct Distractors (delay)
Slide24ImPACT: Delayed Memory Percent Correct
Slide25ImPACT: Total Percent Correct
Slide26ImPACT: Hits (Immediate)
Slide27ImPACT: Correct Distractors (Immediate)
Slide28Summary
High school football players who consumed FQF during the season improved their individual
ImPACT
scores after the season as compared to the players who did not consume FQF:
Positive results overall
Slide29RESULTS #2
High School Football Players
with Concussion
Slide30Slide31All Composite Scores
Slide32ImPACT: Verbal Memory Composite Score
A higher score indicates better performance on the Verbal Memory CompositeNo significant differences
Slide33ImPACT: Visual Memory Composite Score
A higher score indicates better performance on the Visual Memory CompositeNo significant differences
Slide34ImPACT: Processing Speed Composite Score
A higher score indicates better performance on the Processing Speed CompositeSignificant Group effect: Milk < No Milk (p=0.098)
Slide35ImPACT: Reaction Time Composite Score
A higher score indicates better performance on the Reaction Time CompositeNo statistical differences
Slide36ImPACT: Impulse Control Composite Score
A lower score indicates better performance on the Impulse Control CompositeNo statistical differences
Slide37Individual Scores
with
significant statistical interactions
Slide38ImPACT: Hits (Immediate)
Slide39ImPACT: Hits (Delay)
Slide40ImPACT: Delayed Memory Percent Correct
Slide41ImPACT: Total Percent Correct
Slide42SUMMARY & DISCUSSION
Slide43Overall Summary
High school football players
regardless of concussion during the season showed positive results overall