Theresa Staley Jordan Knoepfel Key Facts Obesity has doubled since 1980 More than 40 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2011 65 of worlds population live in overweight countries ID: 358457
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Slide1
Overweight and Obesity
Theresa Staley
Jordan KnoepfelSlide2
Key Facts
Obesity has doubled since 1980
More than 40 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2011
65% of world’s population live in overweight countries
35% of adults aged 20+ were overweight in 2008 (11% were obese)
In 2008, over 1.4 billion adults 20+ were overweight (500 million were obese)Slide3
Upper Map: Overweight
Lower Map: ObeseSlide4
Why I
s This
A
Growing Trend?
Many low and middle income countries are facing a “double burden” of disease
Exposure to high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt, energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods (lower in cost but lower in nutrient quality)
Children are more vulnerable to inadequate prenatal, infant and young child nutritionSlide5
Predictions (2030)
2.16 billion overweight individuals, 1.12 million obese (with adjusting for secular trends)
If trends continue, by 2030 up to 57.8% of the world’s adult population (3.3 billion people) will be overweight or obese)Slide6
WHO (World Health Organization)Response
Adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2004
Developed a global strategy on diet, physical activity and health
Governmental Involvement
Public Awareness
Promotion of healthy foods
National Dietary Guidelines
National Physical
Activity GuidelinesSlide7
Why This Population?
Key issue due to its growing frequency
Will continue to grow if modern society doesn’t make changes
It is preventable
Through study, it is possible to combat obesity making diseases less frequentSlide8
Population Characteristics
120 overweight and mildly obese men and women ages 40-65 years old
Live in Durham, North Carolina or surrounding area
Sedentary lifestyle, BMI of 25-35, non-diabetic, non-hypertensive
LDL levels between 130-190 mg/
dL
, HDL levels less than 40 mg/
dL
for men and 45 mg/
dL
for women (dyslipidemia)
No individuals with metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, or coronary heart disease were allowedSlide9
Research Goal
To determine what amount of daily exercise for adults should be recommended for weight loss, maintenance, and general overall healthSlide10
Research Testing
Subjects were randomized into three different groups based upon intensity
Group one exercise- high amount at vigorous intensity, 20 miles a week at 65-80% of VO2max
Group two exercise- low amount of vigorous intensity, 12 miles a week at 65-80% of VO2max
Group three exercise- low amount of moderate intensity, 12 miles a week at 40-55% of VO2max
Group one was to expend 23 kcal/kg of body weight a week. Groups two and three were to expend 14 kcal/kg per weekSlide11
Data Collection
Dietary evaluations conducted to ensure subjects maintained caloric intake
Height measurement, two baseline weight measurements, and two end body weight measurements were administered to avoid daily fluctuations
Body composition was taken using the sum of four skinfolds (abdominal waist, minimal waist, hips, thigh circumference)Slide12
Test Results
There is a relationship between exercise and the variables of body weight, composition, skinfold, and circumference
Group one showed greater results than the other two groups regarding weight change, lean body mass percent, fat mass, skinfolds, and hip circumference
Exercise duration has a greater effect than intensity!
Minimal level of walking six miles a week or exercise of same caloric expenditure should be baseline for adultsSlide13
Exercise Effects on Body Weight/MassSlide14
Exercise Effects on Percent Skinfold MeasurementsSlide15
Exercise Effects on CircumferencesSlide16
Exercise Prescription