MICAz Motes Antenna with Ground Effect Syed Hassan Ahmed Safdar H Bouk Nadeem Javaid and Iwao Sasase IMNIC12 RIU Islamabad Agenda Wireless Sensor Networks Crossbow ID: 491816
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Slide1
RF Propagation Analysis of MICAz Mote’s Antenna with Ground Effect
Syed Hassan Ahmed, Safdar H. Bouk, Nadeem Javaid, and Iwao SasaseIMNIC’12, RIU Islamabad.Slide2
AgendaWireless
Sensor NetworksCrossbow MicaZ MotesSensor less Sensor Network
Why SL-WSN
?
Previous ApproachesOur Proposed Experimental SetupExperimental ResultsConclusion and Future Work
Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.
2Slide3
Wireless Sensor Networks
A network that consists of sensor nodes (called “motes”) and base station(s) (gateway/sink node(s)).Sensing module is either attached with the sensor node built-in in the sensor node that senses the environment.Motes sense environmental parameters (e.g. light, temperature, motion, humidity, noise etc.) and forward readings to the sink node. Sink node aggregates readings.3
Fig : 01 WSN
Syed Hassan
Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE
Dept
, CIIT
Islamabad.Slide4
Crossbow MicaZ Motes
IEEE 802.15.4 compliant RF transceiver 2.4 to 2.48 GHz, a globally compatible ISM band Direct sequence spread spectrum radio which is resistant to RF interference and provides inherent 250 kbps data rateSupported by Mote Works™ wirelesssensor network platform for reliable, ad-hoc mesh networkingPlug and play with Crossbow’s sensor boards.
4
Fig 02 : Sensor Architecture
Syed Hassan
Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE
Dept
, CIIT
Islamabad.Slide5
Sensor less Sensor Network5Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept
, CIIT Islamabad.?Slide6
Sensor less Sensor Network6
Sensor node with sensing module.
MDA 100 sensing board with temperature sensor. (It has expansion slots available to connect custom sensors)
It is known as appropriate sensor node.
Sensor node without sensing module.(SL-WSN)
Communication through RF chip.RSSI values to be noticed during Experiment.
Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE
Dept
, CIIT Islamabad.Slide7
What is RSSI ?? In an IEEE 802.11 system RSSI is the relative received signal strength in a wireless environment. RSSI is an indication of the power level being received by the antenna. Therefore, the higher the RSSI number (or less negative in some devices), the stronger the signal.RSSI values will be focused in coming real time scenarios.
Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.7Slide8
Objective and Motivation:Object Detection
Tracking & Locating Cost effectivenessLow Power ConsumptionNo Power needed for:
Pre-ADC data processing
Post-ADC data processing
New Research Area
New and efficient methods are needed to effectively detect, locate and track objects.
Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE
Dept
, CIIT Islamabad.
8
Why SL-WSN?Slide9
Previous ApproachesPrevious research has shown that RSSI is not a good measure of distance, however they fail to analyze the effect of Antenna orientation on RSSI.In past research, Sensor nodes were deployed at above the ground level. However, the RSSI Values are very strong above the ground level compared to the sensors deployed at the ground level.Antenna orientation is not the main focus in past research.
9Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.Slide10
Proposed ExperimentMeasurement of RSSI ( Receive Signal Strength Indicator)Sensing different objects by monitoring RSSI.Antenna Orientation Distance between base station and sensor
MicaZ RSSI Evaluation in Lab Environment.10Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.Slide11
MicaZ Mote ConfigurationSyed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.11
=0°
=45°
=90°
Z
Azimuth
X
Y
AUT’s
Z-axis during experimental analysis.Slide12
Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.12
X
Y
Z
=0
°
=0
°
X
Y
Z
=0
°
=0
°
=45
°
=90
°
3m
5m
7m
X
Y
Z
=0
°
=0
°
X
Y
Z
=0
°
=0
°
=45
°
=90
°
3m
5m
7m
(a) Both
MICAz
motes with AUT and MA are placed on the ground.
(
b
)
MICAz
mote with MA is placed on the ground and AUT
MICAz
mote is placed on the stool.
AUT
MA
AUT
MA
Experimental Scenario
Ι
and
ΙΙSlide13
Radiation Patterns during Transmission of Mica Z Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.13
RF radiation pattern of MICAz with AUT in Scenario-I at 3m apart RF radiation pattern of MICAz with AUT in Scenario-II at 3m apart Slide14
Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.14
RF radiation pattern of MICAz with AUT in Scenario-I at 5m apart RF radiation pattern of MICAz with AUT in Scenario-II at 5m apart Radiation Patterns during Transmission of Mica Z Slide15
Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.15
RF radiation pattern of MICAz with AUT in Scenario-I at 7m apart RF radiation pattern of MICAz with AUT in Scenario-II at 7m apartRadiation Patterns during Transmission of Mica Z Slide16
16Slide17
Major effect at in RSSI and it’s standard deviation 90° and 270°.
Effect of Distance and Antenna Orientation on RSSI:
Without any Movement
17
Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE
Dept
, CIIT Islamabad.Slide18
Conclusion and Future WorkWe observed that:Antenna orientation with ground effect has great impact on RSSI.RF antenna propagation of MICAz mote is an important factor in planning the sensor network deployment and optimized WSNs area coverage solutions.
Future Work:Object movement / Event detection using statistical approach(es) [e.g. Time Series Analysis]:Moving AveragesChanges in AveragesVariations in continuous variance etc.Adaptive & Efficient Computation and reduction of False Alarms.18Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE
Dept
, CIIT Islamabad.Slide19
ThanksQ & A Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.19Slide20
Sensing Board It includes the actual sensors which collects the readings from physical environment and passes to sensor node attached to it.
MTS300MDA 100
MDA 100 with
MICAz
node- Light, Temperature - Microphone, Sounder - Tone Detection Circuit
- Compatible with MICA, MICA2 and MICAz - Precision thermistor, light sensor/photocell
- Prototyping area supports connection to all 51 pins on expansion connector
- 42 unconnected solder points for
breadboarding
.
Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.
20Slide21
MIB ( Mote Interface Board)It is used for programming the sensor nodes and also work as a gateway or based station(sink node).
Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.21Slide22
Outcomes………. We found that antenna orientation has drastic effect on RSSI.Fast moving objects can also have effect on RSSI.The results show that antenna orientation must be considered seriously when sensor network is deployed in the real world scenario.Object / Activity detection has different effect on different antenna orientation.Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.
22Slide23
Effect of Car on RSSI: Conclusionwe experimentally analyzed the effect of fast moving vehicle on the RSSI in presence of the ground effect and antenna orientation in elevation direction. It has been observed that the slow speed causes high deviation in RSSI compared to the faster speed. Some irregularities in the RSSI fluctuations are also observed when antenna is elevated at 45 and 90
. Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.23Slide24
RF Chip (cc2420)True single-chip 2.4 GHzIEEE 802.15.4 compliant RF transceiver designed for low power and low voltage wireless applications. CC2420
includes a digital direct sequence spread spectrum.Baseband modem providing a spreading gain of 9dB and an effective data rate of 250 kbps.24
Syed Hassan Ahmed. MS Computer Engineering, EE Dept, CIIT Islamabad.