/
FDR, The New Deal, and the Second Deal FDR, The New Deal, and the Second Deal

FDR, The New Deal, and the Second Deal - PowerPoint Presentation

camstarmy
camstarmy . @camstarmy
Follow
342 views
Uploaded On 2020-06-25

FDR, The New Deal, and the Second Deal - PPT Presentation

FDR Born in 1882 5 th cousin of Theodore Roosevelt In 1921 he contracted polio and lost the use of his legs Paralytic Illness Promised Americans a New Deal in 1932 but was vague on the details ID: 786540

government deal economic roosevelt deal government roosevelt economic americans administration security social federal banks act public spending 1933 court

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download The PPT/PDF document "FDR, The New Deal, and the Second Deal" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

Slide1

FDR, The New Deal, and the Second Deal

Slide2

FDR

Born in 1882, 5

th

cousin of Theodore Roosevelt

In 1921 he contracted polio and lost the use of his legs. (Paralytic Illness)

Promised Americans a “New Deal” in 1932 but was vague on the details

He received 57% of the American people’s votes and was easily swept into office.

Slide3

New Deal

Roosevelt conceived of the New Deal as an alternative to Nazism and unregulated capitalism.

Hoped to reconcile democracy, individual liberty, ad economic planning.

The view of FDR’s cabinet: Large firms needed to be managed and directed by the government

“This nation asks for action and action now.”

Slide4

The Banking Crisis

Taking office in 1933 the banking system is on the verge of collapse.

Bank funds lost stock market value

Panicked depositors withdrew their savings

Banks had to close their doors from all the withdrawals.

Slide5

Banking Crisis Continued

March 1933, Roosevelt declares a “

bank holiday

Temporarily closed banks, halted operations

March 9, 1933 – Creates the

Emergency Banking Act

, providing funds to shore up banks

The Glass-

Steagall

Act:

kept commercial banks from getting involved in the stock market.

Established the

FDIC

(insurance for individual depositors)

Outcome

: These acts help rescue the financial system and increased government control over the banks.

Slide6

The National Recovery Administration (

NRA

)

Part of the first “hundred days” of the Roosevelt administration.

Work with groups of business leaders to establish industry codes that set standards for:

output,

prices

working conditions

Outcome: NRA is another step toward government intervention in the economy.

A step away from an unrestrained economy.

Slide7

Slide8

Government Jobs

March 1933 (Part of the “hundred days”)

Civilian Conservation

Corps (

CCC

)

Gave unemployed young men work projects

Forest Preservation, wildlife preserves

Program ends in 1942, helped 3 million young men

May 1933 (Part of the “hundred days”)

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (

FERA

)

Made grants to local agencies to help the impoverished

Created temporary jobs

Roads, bridges, infrastructure

Slide9

Slide10

Public Works Projects

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Used 3.3 billion to build:

Roads

Schools

Hospitals

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

Employed more than 4 million people by 1934

Built, highways, tunnels, courthouses, and airports

Roosevelt dissolved the CWA after high costs and public complaints about creating a class of people dependent on government jobs.

Slide11

New Deal and Agriculture

Agricultural Adjustment Act

“Hundred Days” policy initiative

Attempted to increase farm prices, paid farmers not to plant more crops

6 million pigs were ordered to be slaughtered

Succeeded in raising farm prices

Benefits flowed to land owners

NOT TENANTS

Slide12

New Deal and Housing

250,000 homes in 1932 were foreclosed

Millions of Americans lived in slums

Roosevelt has the government enter the housing market.

Security of a home is a fundamental right

Federal Housing Administration (

FHA

)

Insured millions of long-term loans for private banks

Slide13

New Deal Success?

The New Deal transforms the role of government.

Provide economic relief and security

Constructed numerous public facilities

Relief for millions

A set of experiments, some worked, some did not

The New Deal did not end the Great Depression

20% of the workforce (10,000,000 Americans) was unemployed in 1934

Slide14

New Deal Success?

The Court and the New

Deal

Controlled by conservative Republican judges

Roosevelt is a Democrat

The NRA is unanimously voted unconstitutional

The First New Deal starts to ground to a halt

More pressures outside of Washington D.C. propel the administration to newer and more radical policies.

To be Continued………

Link

pick up at 10:00, stop at 17:00

Slide15

The Second New Deal

Slide16

The Second New Deal

Democrats gain seats in the midterm elections in 1934

Gives Roosevelt the confidence to launch the Second New Deal in 1935

New Dealers believed that the government should focus less on business recovery now and more on redistribution of national income.

Slide17

Features of the Second New Deal

New taxes on the large fortunes and corporate profits.

Response to Huey Long’s “Share our Wealth Campaign”

Created the Rural Electrification Agency (REA)

Helped small farmers reduce soil loss

Slide18

The Works Progress Administration

Established in 1935

Hired 3 million Americans until it ended in 1943.

Accomplishments of the WPA:

Constructed thousands of public buildings and bridges

Added murals to their construction

Built more than 500,000 miles of road

Built 600 airports

Stadiums, sewage plants, and swimming pools were also built

Employed many out of work white collar workers and professionals

Slide19

WPA and

Wagner Act

Promoting the arts was the most famous WPA project.

Hundreds of artists created murals on buildings

Writers produced local histories and guidebooks

Also recorded the histories of hundreds of former slaves

First glimpse of live music and theatre for many Americans

Wagner Act:

empowered the National Labor Relations Board to supervise elections of union reps

Outlawed “unfair labor practices” I.E. firing/blacklisting union organizers

Slide20

Social Security

Social Security is the centerpiece of the Second New Deal in 1935.

Concept

: the national government has a responsibility to ensure the material well-being of ordinary Americans.

System of:

unemployment insurance,

old age pensions

Aid to the disabled

Elderly poor

Families with dependent children

Slide21

Social Security Continued

The U.S. would now supervise a permanent system of social insurance.

Rather than just temporary relief

Launches the American version of the Welfare State

Income assistance

Health coverage

Social service

Slide22

Social Security Continued

Represented a radical transformation of federal government

The question changes:

Pre 1930s: Whether government should get involved

After the New Deal: How should government intervene in the economy

Government assumes responsibility for

A living for Americans

Protection against economic and personal misfortune

Limitations: Domestic Agricultural workers are not covered

I.E. unmarried women and non-whites

Slide23

The Election of 1936

Working-class voters provided the majority of the Democratic Party

A fight for the possession of “the ideal of freedom

FDR insists there is a threat posed to freedom by large corporations

Argues this is the main issue of the election

FDR’s opponent is Alfred Landon

Denounces the New Deal programs and Social Security

Landon loses in a landslide

FDR wins with a voting coalition of union workers, southern whites, and northern blacks

Slide24

The Court Fight

Roosevelt proposes the President be allowed to appoint a new justice for each one on the court over the age 70

Six of the nine justices were over the age 70

FDR’s aim is to change the balance of power

Congress rejects the plan

FDR’s aim ultimately succeeds

Justices fear future “court packing”

The conservative court starts supporting economic regulations by federal and state governments

Slide25

End of the Second New Deal

United States Housing Act, 1937

Build houses for the poorest Americans

Fair Labor Standards Bill

Banned goods produced by child labor from interstate commerce

Sets a 40 cent minimum wage

Required overtime pay for 40+ hour workweeks

Sets federal regulations for wages/working conditions

Slide26

End of Second New Deal Continued

1936: economic conditions are improving

FDR reduces the federal funding for farm subsidies

WPA work relief is cut

1937: The results of the federal cuts is disastrous

Unemployment was 14% at the end of 1936

Unemployment rose to 20% at the end of 1937

Keynesian economics takes hold

John Maynard Keynes

Challenges the need for balanced government budgets

Slide27

John Maynard Keynes

Large scale spending by the government is necessary during downturns.

Sustains purchasing power and stimulates the economy

It is necessary to maintain large scale spending during economic downturns

Even if it requires deficit spending

Deficit Spending

: Spending more than the government takes in.

Slide28

Government Planning for the Great Depression

New

Deal, 1933-1934:

Economic

Recovery

Second

New

Deal, 1935-1936:

Economic

redistribution

Now, 1937-1938:

Public

Spending to combat unemployment and stimulating economic growth

1937-1938 ends the Second New Deal