Cell Division and Cancer - PowerPoint Presentation

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Cell Division and Cancer

Unit 7 - Mitosis

Mitosis

All cells in your body divide

In children and teens, cells divide to assist in growth

In adults, cells divide to replace old cells

Your cells are really good at knowing when they should and shouldn’t divide

Cell Regulators

Inside and on the outside of your cells, you have “regulators” that control cell division.

These regulators act as body guards for the cell, making sure that everything goes according to plan

Internal Cell Regulators

These are proteins that respond to events inside the cell.

Example

Make sure mitosis doesn’t happen until chromosomes are replicated

External Cell Regulators

Proteins that respond to events that happen outside the cell

Examples

Speed up or slow down cell division

Proteins on neighbor cells can tell the cells around them to stop growing or to slow down so that they don’t impede other tissue or cells.

What is Cancer?

Cancer is a disorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose their ability to regulate cell growth.

Cancerous cells do not respond to the signals from other cells that tell them to stop or slow down their growth.

When the cells do not stop dividing, a tumor is formed.

Benign and Malignant Tumors

Benign Tumors

Non-cancerous tumors

Cysts

Keloids

Malignant Tumors

Cancerous tumors

Here, bad cells (those that cannot stop dividing) break off into your blood or lymph systems and travel to other parts of the body. There, they infect the cells around them, causing mass division of cancer cells.

Invasion and Metastasis

Fact

According to the American Cancer Society, in 2012 there have already been 65, 750 new cases of cancer reported.

4 Basic Types of Cancer

Carcinoma

Cancer that begins in the skin or tissues that cover internal organs

Example

: melanoma which is a type of skin cancer.

4 Basic Types of Cancer

Sarcoma

Cancer that begins in the bones, cartilage, fat, muscles, blood vessels, or other connective/supportive tissue

Example

: osteosarcoma which is cancer in the bones

4 Basic Types of Cancer

Leukemia

Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood.

Example

– Acute Myeloid Leukemia is a cancer that begins in the white blood cells

Normal WBC

Leukemic WBC

4 Basic Types of Cancer

Lymphoma/Myeloma

Cancer that begins in cells associated with the immune system

Example:

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma is a cancer that starts in the lymphocytes (cells of your immune system).

Some Causes of Cancer

Exposure to carcinogens

Asbestos

lung cancer

Formaldehyde

leukemia's, lymphomas, etc.

Exposure to UV rays

Tanning

Can cause skin cancer

Melanoma

Basal cell carcinoma

Causes of Cancer

Smoking cigarettes

Contain many carcinogenic chemicals

Can cause a variety of cancer

Lung cancer (most common)

Throat cancer

Oral cancer

Other tobacco products

Chewing tobacco

Oral cancer

Other Causes of Cancer

Heredity

Breast cancer

Kidney Cancer

Viruses

HIV

Kaposi Sarcoma

HPV

cervical cancer

Hepatitis B

liver cancer

How do we detect cancer?

MRI

Endoscopy

X-ray

Biopsy

Ultra sound

Liver cancers

Ovarian cancers

Mammogram

Breast cancer

For women 40 y/o and older

How can we treat cancer?

Chemotherapy

Drugs given to target rapidly growing cells

Not only kills cancer cells but any rapidly growing cells like hair follicle cells

Surgery

Remove the tumor and surrounding tissue

Radiation treatment

Applying concentrated amount of energy to cancer cells to damage their DNA

Often times a combination of treatments can be used

Vaccines

Preventative

To prevent the emergence of cancer in healthy people

Examples

HBV

Hepatitis B which can cause liver cancer

Gardasil

Cervical cancer

Therapeutic/Treatment

Used to treat cancer