PPT-INFLAMMATION DR.AYSER HAMEED

LEC1 General Features Inflammation is defined as the response of living vascularized tissues to harmful agents It consists principally of vascular changes associated with leukocytes infiltration and systemic reactions. Team JEEVES. Daniel . Steffy. , . Alissa. Halvorson, . Bogdan. . Pisica. , Christopher Pearson, . Hameed. . Ebadi. A Beacon-Sensing, Path Finding Robot Operating in a Crowded Environment. Current Status. rubor. (redness), . calor. (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), and loss of function. Seen here is skin with . erythema. , compared to the more normal skin at the far right.. The arm at the bottom is swollen (edematous) and reddened (. DroughtandfoodsecurityinthemiddleeastAnanalyticalframeworkMaysounHameedAliAhmadalipourHamidMoradkhaniCenterforComplexHydrosystemsResearchDepartmentofCivilConstructionandEnvironmentalEngineeringUnivers LEC.2. Most benign tumors grow slowly . & most of cancers grow faster . & eventually spread locally & to distant sites (metastasis) & causing death.. In some exception, some benign tumors grow more rapidly than some cancers e.g. leiomyoma (uterine fibroid), which is benign smooth muscle tumor influence by estrogen & so increase in size during pregnancy.. LEC.2. Binding of a particle to . phagocytic. leukocyte receptors initiates the process of active . phagocytosis. .. During engulfment, extensions of the cytoplasm (. pseudopods. ) flow around the particle to be engulfed, eventually resulting in complete enclosure of the particle within a . LEC.4. Examples of tumor suppressor genes:. 1. RB gene:. This is the . first discovered suppressor gene. , . loss of normal RB gene was discovered initially in Retinoblastoma, but recently proved it lost in many tumors (breast cancer, bladder & lung cancer, osteosarcoma).. Inflammation is a set of symptoms that include pain, swelling, heat, and redness of an affected organ or tissue. It is the natural way the body’s immune system responds to injury, infection or attack. LEC.3. Incidence of cancer. In male. . 30% Carcinoma of prostate. .. 14% Carcinoma of Lung.. 11% Carcinoma of colon & rectum.. In female. . . 31% breast carcinoma. .. 12% carcinoma of lung. . LEC.5. Chemical carcinogenesis:. General principles of chemical carcinogens;. I. . Could be . natural or synthetic chemical. ..  . II. . Chemicals either . direct acting chemical. (. active without transformation in the body). Dr. . Shakir. H. Mohammed . Al_Alwany. LEC 2,3,4. Hyperplasia & Physiologic . Hyperplasia. HYPERPLASIA . Increase . in the number of cells . results in increase in size of the . organ. LEC.1. Abnormal mass of tissue. , characterized by followings:- . Its . growth is uncoordinated & exceeded. with that of the normal tissues.. Neoplasm . persist its growth after the cessation of stimuli which cause the change.. Lecture 2. Dr. Mohanad Al-Hindawi. 2022. Cellular changes of acute inflammation.. A critical function of inflammation is to deliver leukocytes to sites of injury (recruitment), especially those cells capable of phagocytosing microbes and necrotic debris (e.g., neutrophils and macrophages).. LEC.4. Carcinogenesis:. is a multistep process at both . phenotypic & genetic levels.. Phenotypic level . includes:. I. Excessive growth.. II. Local invasion.. III. Metastasis.. These three criteria are called collectively . LEC.5. 3. Evasion of apoptosis:. Normally, . the mechanism of . apoptosis is mediated by many genes, & achieve by two phases. . Initiation phase. , which is mediated by . TNF- Fas receptor . & inhibited by FLIP protein..