Immune System organs and tissues that work together to protect the body from infection Immune System includes skin white blood cells and special proteins called antibodies White Blood Cells immune ID: 525880
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Slide1
AntibodiesSlide2
Immune System
organs
and tissues that work together to protect the body from infectionSlide3
Immune System
includes skin, white blood cells, and special proteins called antibodiesSlide4
White Blood Cells
immune
system
cells that move through blood and other body fluids to protect
the body against
foreign cells and viruses that may cause diseaseSlide5
Antibodies
large Y-shaped proteins found in the blood or other body fluids
produced by special white blood cellsSlide6
Antibodies
an antibody will only bind to a specific antigen
like a key that can only open a specific lockSlide7
Antigen
“
anti
body
gen
erator”
a substance on the surface of a cell or virus
most often are proteins or carbohydrates
antigens
can stimulate special white blood cells to make
antibodies
our bodies recognize which antigens belong to us and which antigens are “foreign”
antibodies are only produced for foreign antigensSlide8
How do antibodies work?
each antibody is different at the “tips” of the Y
they are all built to identify and/or attack only one kind of
antigenSlide9
How do antibodies work?
antibodies cause antigens to stick togetherSlide10
ABO Blood Types
human blood types are determined by antigens and
a
ntibodies
two possible antigens present on the outside of human red blood cellsSlide11
ABO Blood Types
two antibodies made by humans to recognize “foreign” blood cell antigensSlide12
Blood
Agglutination
when blood types mix, the antibodies of the recipient may “stick to” the antigens of the donor blood causing clumping or clotting
t
hese “clumps” can block blood vessels causing heart attacks or strokesSlide13
Rh factor Blood Types
human red blood cells blood also may contain a family of antigens called the Rh factorSlide14
Rh factor Blood Types
named after the Rhesus monkey in which they were first discoveredSlide15
Rh factor Blood Types
agglutination can also occur because of the Rh factor antigensSlide16
Rh factor
and Pregnancies
Rh negative mothers who have a Rh positive child may have complications in additional pregnancies involving Rh positive childrenSlide17
Rh factor
and PregnanciesSlide18
Pathogens
a
ntibodies attach to antigens on the outside of a pathogen
pathogen – a cell or virus that can cause illnessSlide19
How do antibodies work?
each antibody is different at the “tips” of the Y
they are all built to identify and/or attack only one kind of antigenSlide20
Pathogens
antigens from
pathogens
are recognized by our immune systems as foreign
each type of bacteria and
virus
produce unique antigens
in
other words, each type of antibody can only attack one type of virus or bacteriaSlide21
Pathogens
for example, an antibody built to attack the flu virus is unable to help against a cold
virus
antibodies cause pathogen particles to stick together
makes it tougher for pathogen to move, make toxins, and replicate
makes it easier for white blood cells to attackSlide22
Immunity
a
fter being exposed to a pathogen, your body remembers the antigens and has antibodies prepared for the next attackSlide23
Vaccines
substances used
to
begin the
production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several
diseases
introduce the body to the antigen without inducing the diseaseSlide24
Vaccines
Brain POP Video
Username:
plymouth
Password: pantherSlide25
Types of Vaccines
Live, attenuated vaccines
Inactivated vaccines
Subunit
vaccinesSlide26
Live, attenuated
contain
a version of the living microbe that has been weakened in the lab so it can’t cause diseaseSlide27
Inactivated Vaccines
produce inactivated vaccines by killing the disease-causing microbe with chemicals, heat, or radiationSlide28
Subunit vaccines
instead
of the entire microbe, subunit vaccines include only the antigens that best stimulate the immune systemSlide29
Herd Immunity
What is a herd? What is its purpose?
History
of Vaccines SimulationSlide30
Herd Immunity
immunity
to a pathogen in
an entire
population based on the acquired immunity to it by a high
percentage of its members
over time
helps protect people that can’t get vaccines
a
llergic to vaccine ingredients
weak immune systems (i.e. leukemia)Slide31
Summary
Describe why the structure of an antibody is important to that antibody being able to perform its function.