Chapter 15: The British Isles and Nordic Nations - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chapter 15: The British Isles and Nordic Nations

Section 1: EnglandSlide2

England

Locate England on the map on page 289

The largest island in the British Isles- and in all of Europe- is Great Britain.

The island of Great Britain is made up of three independent countries: England, Scotland and Wales

Together, with Northern Island , makes up Great Britain. Slide3

England’s Physical Characteristics

Made up of three different areas:

Highlands

Midlands

LowlandsA short distance to the south east are the Midlands. Here lie the thick veins of coal that fueled the country’s Industrial Revolution. Slide4

England’s Physical Characteristics Continued…

Highest populations of England are in the Midlands.

To the south and east are the lowlands

Lowlands tend to be fertile--- what does this mean?Slide5

England’s Physical Characteristics Continued…

The lowlands provide England with some of its most productive farms.

Farmers grow: wheat, vegetables, and other similar crops.

Also, this area is great for sheep, dairy and beef cattle. Slide6

Rise of London as a Trade Center

Europe always had a surplus of goods.

This lead to cities being developed along rivers and coast.

London became the most popular city---

Why???Slide7

London’s Relative Location

London is located on the Thames River.

The location always ships to sail right up to the ports of London. Slide8

Global Trade Patterns

The port of London grew rapidly in the 1500s because of changes in the patterns of world settlement and trade.

London became what is it today due to the location.Slide9

Economic Activities

In the 1500s, Britain shipped a lot of its products across the world fueling the Industrial Revolution.

Became known as “the workshop of the world”Slide10

The Rise of Heavy Industry

Earliest technological advances were used in to produce textiles or cloth.

Also had a lot of iron ore which made some cities triple in size.

Also was the leading producer of coal.

This helped England but at what cost? Slide11

Challenges to British Industry

In the late 1800s, Britain’s power was challenged by two new forces: Germany and the USA.

Now, Britain turned to its oil supply under the North Sea as a source of fuel. Slide12

Challenges to British Industry Continued…

Tertiary Economic Activities: service industry

Examples: finance, insurance, and tourism.

Europe is growing and its economy is doing very well. Slide13

Section 1 Assessment

2. Describe the three different physical areas of the English landscape.

3. What geographic factors affected London’s level of development?

4. A. What impact did technological innovations have on the British economy?

B. What impact did they have on Britain’s physical landscape?5. A. What was the effect of the Industrial Revolution on Britain’s coal supply?

B. How has the British economy recovered from the loss?Slide14

Section 2: Scotland and WalesSlide15

Scotland’s Physical Characteristics

Scotland occupies nearly one third of the land area in the United Kingdom, but only has less than 10% of the population

Landscape is ruggedSlide16

The Highlands

The highland region is a large, high plateau with many lakes, called lochs, which were carved by retreating glaciers

Moors?—

Bogs?---

This area has the best climate for fishing and sheep herding. Slide17

The Central Lowlands

South of the highlands runs a long lowland region.

75% of people live in this region.

However, due to economic hardships this area had a lot of people leave. Slide18

The Southern Uplands

Closest to the English borderPrimarily sheep-raising region

Produces a lot of woolSlide19

Scottish Culture

New industry are slowly taking the place of mining, steel making, and shipbuilding.

Today, Scotland drills for oil in the North Sea

Glen---???

Maintains its own culture –Give me examples on how they did this?Slide20

Wales

It is very different from England.Has its own

-capital

-postage stamps

-flag-languageSlide21

Welsh Physical Characterisitics

Wales is a peninsula of Great Britain

About the size of Massachusetts

Has a marine west coast climate

Usually receives more rain than EnglandSlide22

A Separate Language

Some Welsh have sat on English Parliament however they are seeking cultural independence.

The key to preserve Welsh culture is language

2.9 Million people speak English

20% still speak WelshSlide23

Economic Activities

Very similar to the economic history of England and Scotland

Capital city: Cardiff

In the early 1900s, Wales fell really behind in technology

-In the 1980s, people lost their jobs and quit schoolIn the 1990s, it began to improve slightlySlide24

Section 2 Assessment

2. What are the major physical characteristics of Scotland?

3.A.In what ways has Scotland preserved its cultural heritage?

B. How have the Welsh maintained their cultural identity?

4. What role has technology played in the economic changes that have occurred in Wales between the late 1800s and today?5. Analyze the survival of the Welsh language in modern Welsh society. What does it say about Welsh society’s view of cultural change?Slide25

Section 3: The Two IrelandsSlide26

Ireland’s Physical Characteristics

Hills ring most of the coastline

The middle of the Island is a plain that drains into River Shannon

-Has a marine west coast climate that keeps the island very green.

1/6 of the island is covered in peat (a spongy material containing waterlogged mosses and plants)Slide27

Cooperation and Conflict

Celtic tribes from Europe first settled Ireland around 300

b.c

.

Repeatedly defended off the VikingsIn 1066, Norman invaders invaded England and tried to take over the IrishBanned marriages between Normans and Irish

Banned Celtic language (Gaelic)

Outlawed Celtic musicSlide28

Cooperation and Conflict

King Henry II of England declared himself Lord of Ireland in 1171 and tried unsuccessfully to force Norman Lords to obey him.Slide29

Religious Conflicts

Up to the 1500s, Roman Catholics ruled most of Europe until the Reformation. Where Protestant religion was introduced.

Most of the Irish remain Catholic while most of the English switch to Protestant.

The division led to bitter conflicts between Irish Catholics and landlords sent from England. Slide30

Religious Conflicts Continued…

The Protestant minority controlled most of the wealth while the Irish Catholics were very poor.

Led to Cultural Divergence: deliberate efforts to keep the cultures separated.

The Potato Famine hit Ireland in the 1840s.

A blight, or plant disease, destroyed the potato crops year after year. Slide31

Government and Citizenship

Rebellions between 1916-1921 led officials in the United Kingdom and Ireland to divide the island into 2 parts.

The 6 northeastern counties remained part of Great Britain, the rest were independent.

Became officially independent in 1949, but did not end conflict. Slide32

Government and Citizenship

A little over half of Northern Ireland’s people are Protestant, the rest are Catholic.

Both sides remain quite violent in trying to get control over Northern Ireland.Slide33

Economic Activity

In the 1990s, The Irish government tried to improve several parts of their society including:

Education

Telecommunication

Was very successful! -Per capita increased

-unemployment fell to 3.8%

-increased immigration

In 1990, Ireland adopted the Euro.

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Section 3 Assessment Questions

2. Why is Ireland called the Emerald Island?

3. Describe the geographic processes that led to the formation of two political units in Ireland.

4. How has the government of Ireland tried to improve the economy?

5.a. Determine whether or not the following is a fact or opinion:“Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland both feel threatened by the past and are reluctant to negotiate.”

B. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain. Slide35

The Nordic NationsSlide36

NorwaySlide37

SwedenSlide38

FinlandSlide39

DenmarkSlide40

IcelandSlide41

Physical Characteristics

It is identified because its “North”

A collection of peninsulas an islands separated by seas, gulfs, and oceans.

Varies drastically among nationsSlide42

Environmental Change

Much of the landscape on the Scandinavian Peninsula is the product of the last ice age.

1000s of lakes are located in this region.

Soil is very rocky and hard to farm. Slide43

Environment Change Continued…

When the glaciers melted, water filled the valleys, creating flooded glacial valleys known as fjords (FEE YAWRDZ)

Some of the fjords are so deep boats can sail on them in order to go to the ocean. Slide44

Natural Resources

In Iceland, volcanoes and glaciers exist side by side.

Allows them to produce geothermal energy: or energy produced from the heat of the earth’s interior. Slide45

Long Winters, Short Summers

At midwinter, the sun may shine only 2 or 3 hours a day.

In midsummer, it shines more than 20 hours a day.

Can see the northern lights from this area of the worldSlide46

The Ocean and the Climate

Climate is surprisingly mild

Mild marine west coast climate due to the warm currents of the North Atlantic Drift

Coldest area is east of a mountain chain that runs northeast to southwest Norway.Slide47

Understanding the Past

The Vikings were originally from this area of the world.

The five countries were briefly united under Queen

Margrethe

of Denmark in 1397. The union ended in 1523 when Sweden withdrew. Most Nordic people belong to the Lutheran Church. All have a language with similar roots and all understand English.Slide48

Economic Systems

All five nations are democracy

All have mixed economies---what are mixed economies?

Some of the countries such as Denmark and Sweden have state-run day-care centers and state-supported

medicareUsually neutral in foreign affairs.Slide49

Economic Activities

Have sound economies

Denmark and Southern Sweden have flat land and a mild climate

Denmark uses 60% of its land for farming

Norwegians use fishing techniques. This region also benefits from oil and gas .