Receivables Bad Debt Expense and Interest Revenue PowerPoint Authors Brandy Mackintosh Lindsay Heiser Learning Objective 81 Describe the tradeoffs of extending credit Pros and Cons of Extending Credit ID: 381658
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Slide1
Chapter 8
Receivables, Bad Debt Expense, and Interest Revenue
PowerPoint Authors:
Brandy Mackintosh
Lindsay
HeiserSlide2
Learning Objective 8-1
Describe the trade-offs of extending credit.Slide3
Pros and Cons of Extending Credit
Disadvantages
Increased wage costs.
Bad debt costs.
Delayed receipt of cash.
Advantage
Increases the seller’s revenues.Slide4
Learning Objective 8-2
Estimate and report the effects of uncollectible accounts.Slide5
Record sales on account
dr
Accounts Receivable
cr
Sales Revenue
Balance Sheet
Cash
Accounts Receivable
Inventory
…
Income Statement
Sales RevenueCost of Goods SoldGross Profit…
Bad debt known
Accounts Receivable and Bad Debts
Jan. 1Slide6
Record sales on account
dr
Accounts Receivable
cr
Sales Revenue
Balance Sheet
Cash
Accounts Receivable
Inventory
…
Income Statement
Sales Revenue
Cost of Goods SoldGross Profit …
Bad debt known
Balance Sheet
Cash
Accounts Receivable
Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts Receivable, Net
Inventory
…
Income Statement
Sales Revenue
Cost of Goods Sold
Gross Profit
Bad Debt Expense
…
Accounts Receivable and Bad Debts
Record estimate of bad debts
Jan. 1
Jan. 31
dr
Bad Debt Expense (+E, -SE) cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (+xA, -A)Slide7
Record sales on account
dr
Accounts Receivable
cr
Sales Revenue
Balance Sheet
Cash
Accounts Receivable
Inventory
…
Bad debt known
Balance Sheet
Cash
Accounts Receivable
Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts Receivable, Net
Inventory
…Accounts Receivable and Bad Debts
Record estimate of bad debts
Jan. 1
Jan. 31
dr
Bad Debt Expense (+E, -SE)
cr
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (+xA, -A)
dr
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (-xA)
cr
Accounts Receivable(-A)Slide8
Allowance Method
The allowance method follows a two-step process, described below:
Make an
end-of-period adjustment
to record the
estimated bad debts
in the period credit sales occur.
Remove (“write off”) specific customer balances when they are
known to be uncollectible
.Slide9
1. Adjust for Estimated Bad Debts
Assume that VFC estimates $900 in bad debts at the end of the accounting period.
1
Analyze
Liabilities
Assets
=
Stockholders’ Equity
+
Allowance for Doubtful
Accounts (+xA) -900
Bad Debt
Expense (+E) -900
2
Record
dr Bad Debt Expense (+E, -SE)
cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (+xA, -A)
900
900Slide10
1. Adjust for Estimated Bad DebtsSlide11
2. Remove (Write-off) Specific Customer Balances
VFC writes off $800 receivable from Fast Fashions because the company could not pay its account.
1
Analyze
Liabilities
Assets
=
Stockholders’ Equity
+
Allowance for Doubtful
Accounts (-xA) +800
Accounts
Receivable (-A) -800
2
Record
dr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (-xA, +A)
cr Accounts Receivable (-A)
800
800Slide12
2. Remove (Write-off) Specific Customer Balances
dr Bad Debt Expense (+E, -SE)
cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (+xA, -A)
900
900
dr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (-xA, +A)
cr Accounts Receivable (-A)
800
800
1/1 Bal.
1/31 Bal.
2/28 Bal.
(2) Write-off
Accounts Receivable
(A)
dr +
cr -
200,000
200,000
199,200
800
(2) Write -off
1/1 Bal.
(1) Estimate
1/31 Bal.
2/28 Bal.
Allow. For Doubtful Accts.
(
xA
)
dr -
cr +
800
14,100
900
15,000
14,200
1/1 Bal.
(1) Estimate
1/31 Bal.
Bad Debt
Expene
(E, SE)
dr +
cr -
0
900
900Slide13
Methods for Estimating Bad Debts
There are two acceptable methods of estimating the bad debts in a given period.
Percentage of Credit Sales Method.
Aging of Accounts Receivable.
Simpler to apply.
More accurateSlide14
Percentage of Credit Sales Method
The percentage of credit sales method estimates bad debt expense by multiplying the historical percentage of bad debt losses by the current period’s credit sales.Slide15
Percentage of Credit Sales Method
VFC has experienced bad debt losses of ¾ of 1 percent of credit sales in prior periods. Credit sales in January total $120,000,
Credit sales for January
Historical bad debt rate
Bad debt expense for January
$ 120,000
0.75%
$ 900
2
Record
dr Bad Debt Expense (+E, -SE)
cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (+xA, -A)
900
900Slide16
Aging of Accounts Receivable
While the percentage of credit sales method focuses on estimating Bad Debt Expense (
income statement approach
) for the period, the aging of accounts receivable method focuses on estimating the ending balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (
balance sheet approach
).
The aging method gets its name because it is based on the “age” of each amount in Accounts Receivable at the end of the period. The older and more overdue an account receivable becomes, the less likely it is to be collectible.Slide17
Aging of Accounts Receivable
VFC applies the aging of accounts receivable method to its Accounts Receivable balances when its quarter ends on March 31. The method includes three steps:
(1)
Prepare an aged list of accounts receivable,
(2)
Estimate bad debt loss percentages for each category, and
(3) Compute the total estimated bad debts.
Age Accounts Receivable.
Step
1Slide18
Aging of Accounts Receivable
Estimate bad debt loss percentages for each category.
Step
2Slide19
Aging of Accounts Receivable
Compute the total estimated bad debts.
Step
3Slide20
Aging of Accounts Receivable
AJE = ($17,240 - $14,200) = $3,040Slide21
Aging of Accounts Receivable
Prepare the AJE for Bad Debt Expense at March 31.
1
Analyze
Liabilities
Assets
=
Stockholders’ Equity
+
Allowance for Doubtful
Accounts (+xA) -2,240
Bad Debt
Expense (+E) -2,240
2
Record
dr Bad Debt Expense (+E, -SE)
cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (+xA, -A)
2,240
2,240
3
Summarize
Unadj. Bal.
AJE
Adj. Bal.
Allow. For Doubtful Accts (
xA
)
dr -
cr +
15,000
2,240
17,240
Beg. Bal.
AJE
End Bal.
Bad Debt Expense (E,SE)
dr +
cr -
900
2,240
3,140Slide22
Other Issues
Revising Estimates
-- Bad debt estimates always differ from the amounts that are later written off. If these differences are material, companies are required to revise their bad debt estimates for the current period.
Account Recoveries
-- Collection of a previously written off account is called a recovery
and it is accounted for in two parts. First, put the receivable back on the books by recording the opposite of the write-off. Second, record the collection of the account.Slide23
Other Issues
Let’s assume that VFC collects the $800 from Fast Fashions that was previously written off. This recovery would be recorded with the following journal entries:
(1) Reverse the write-off.
(2) Record the collection.Slide24
Learning Objective 8-3
Compute and report interest on notes receivable.Slide25
Notes Receivable and Interest Revenue
A company reports Notes Receivable if it uses a
promissory note
to document its right to collect money from another party.
Unlike accounts receivable, which are interest free until they become overdue, notes receivable charge interest from the day they are created to the day they are due (their
maturity date
).Slide26
Calculating Interest
Interest (
I
) = Principal (
P
) × Interest Rate (
R
) × Time (
T
)
The time period for
interest calculation
The amount of the
note receivable
The annual interest rate
charged on the noteSlide27
Recording Notes Receivable and Interest Revenue
The four key events that occur with any note receivable are:
1
2
3
4
Date of Note Receivable November 1, 2012
Annual Interest Rate 6%
Amount of the Note $100,000
Maturity Date of Note October 31, 2013
Year End of Company December 31, 2012Slide28
(1) Establishing a Note Receivable
Assume that on November 1, 2012, VFC lent $100,000 to a company by creating a note that required the company to pay VFC 6 percent interest and the $100,000 principal on October 31, 2013.
1
Analyze
Liabilities
Assets
=
Stockholders’ Equity
+
Notes Receivable +100,000
Cash -100,000
2
Record
dr Notes Receivable (+A)
cr Cash (-A)
100,000
100,000Slide29
(2) Accruing Interest Earned
Accrue the interest earned at year-end, December 31, 2012.
Principal (
P
) × Interest Rate (
R
) × Time (
T
) = Interest (
I
)
$100,000 × 6% × 2/12 =
$1,000
2Slide30
(2) Accruing Interest Earned
Accrue the interest earned at year-end, December 31, 2012.
1
Analyze
Liabilities
Assets
=
Stockholders’ Equity
+
Interest
Receivable (+A) +1,000
Interest Revenue
(+R, +SE) +1,000
2
Record
dr Interest Receivable (+A)
cr Interest Revenue (+R, +SE)
1,000
1,000Slide31
(3) Record Interest Received
Record interest received at maturity, October 31, 2013.
Principal (
P
) × Interest Rate (
R
) × Time (
T
) = Interest (
I
)
$100,000 × 6% × 12/12 =
$6,000 Slide32
(3) Record Interest Received
Record interest received at maturity, October 31, 2013.
2
Record
dr Cash (+A)
cr Interest Receivable (-A)
cr Interest Revenue (+R, +SE)
1,000
5,000
6,000
1
Analyze
Liabilities
Assets
=
Stockholders’ Equity
+
Cash (+A) +6,000
Interest
Receivable (-A) -1,000
Interest
Revenue (+R, +SE) +5,000
$5,000 = $100,000 × 6% × 10/12Slide33
(4) Recording Principal Received
The principal amount of the note is received on October 31, 2013.
1
Analyze
Liabilities
Assets
=
Stockholders’ Equity
+
Cash (+A) +100,000
Note
Receivable (-A) -100,000
2
Record
dr Cash (+A)
cr Note Receivable (-A)
100,000
100,000Slide34
Learning Objective 8-4
Compute and interpret the receivables turnover ratio.Slide35
Receivables Turnover Analysis
The
receivables turnover ratio
indicates how many times, on average, this process of selling and collecting is repeated during the period. The higher the ratio, the faster the collection of receivables.
Rather than evaluate the number of times accounts receivable turn over, some people find it easier to think in terms of the number of days to collect receivables (called
days to collect
).Slide36
Receivables Turnover Analysis
Receivable
Turnover
Ratio
=
Net Sales Revenue
Average Net Receivables
(Beginning net receivables + Ending net receivables) ÷ 2
$500,000
$ 50,000
= 10 times
Days to
Collect
=
365
Receivable Turnover Ratio
365
10
= 36.5 daysSlide37
Comparison to Benchmarks
Credit Terms
When companies sell on account, they specify the length of credit period (and any cash discounts for prompt payment). By comparing the number of days to collect to the length of credit period, you can gain a sense of whether customers are complying with the stated policy.Slide38
Speeding Up Collections
Factoring Receivables
One way to speed up collections is to sell outstanding accounts receivable to another company (called a
factor
). Your company receives cash for the receivables it sells to the factor (
minus a factoring fee
).
Credit Card Sales
Another way to avoid lengthy collection periods is to allow customers to pay for goods using PayPal or national credit cards. This not only speeds up the seller’s cash collection, but also reduces losses from customers writing bad checks. PayPal and Credit card companies charges a fee for their services.Slide39
Chapter 8Supplement 8A
Direct Write-Off MethodSlide40
Direct Write-Off Method
The direct write-off method, does not estimate bad debt. Instead, it
reports Sales when they occur and bad debt expense when it is discovered. This method is
not acceptable for GAAP
.
The reason the method isn’t considered GAAP is because it reports receivables at the total amount owed by customers rather than what is estimated to be collectible and it violates the expense recognition principle (matching principle) by recording bad debt expense in the period the customer’s account is determined to be bad rather than the period when the credit sales are actually made. Slide41
Direct Write-Off Method
A customer account is determined to be uncollectible and $1,000 of Bad Debt Expense needs to be recorded.
2
Record
dr Bad Debt Expense (+E, -SE)
cr Accounts Receivable (-A)
1,000
1,000Slide42
Chapter 8Solved Exercises
M8-10, E8-7, E8-8, E8-9, CP8-4, C8-1Slide43
M8-10 Using the Interest Formula to Compute Interest
Complete the following table by computing the missing amounts (
?
) for the following independent cases.
Case a. $100,000 × 10% × (6/12) =
$5,000
Case b. $3,000 ÷ [$50,000 × (9/12)] =
8%
Case c. [$4,000 ÷ 10%] × (12/12) =
$40,000
a.
b.
c.
Principal Amount of
Note Receivable
$ 100,000
$ 50,000
?
Annual
Interest Rate
10%
?
10%
Time Period
in Months
6
9
12
Interest
Earned
?
$ 3,000
$ 4,000Slide44
E8-7 Computing Bad Debt Expense Using Aging of Accounts Receivable Method
Brown Cow Dairy uses the aging approach to estimate Bad Debt Expense. The balance of each account receivable is aged on the basis of three time periods as follows: (1) 1–30 days old, $12,000; (2) 31–90 days old, $5,000; and (3) more than 90 days old, $3,000. Experience has shown that for each age group, the average loss rate on the amount of the receivable due to uncollectibility is (1) 5 percent, (2) 10 percent, and (3) 20 percent, respectively. At December 31, 2013 (end of the current year), the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance was $800 (credit) before the end-of-period adjusting entry is made.
Required:
Prepare a schedule to estimate an appropriate year-end balance for the Allowance for doubtful accounts.
What amount should be recorded as Bad Debt Expense for the current year?
If the unadjusted balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts was a $600 debit balance
,
what would be the amount of Bad Debt Expense in 2013?Slide45
E8-7 Computing Bad Debt Expense Using Aging of Accounts Receivable Method
Req. 1
Total
$ 20,000
$ 1,700
>90
$ 3,000
20%
$ 600
31-90
$ 5,000
10%
$ 500
1 - 30
$ 12,000
5%
$ 600
Estimate Balance in Allowance
Existing Credit Balance in Allowance
Adjusting Journal Entry Amount
$ 1,700
800
$ 900
Req. 2
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
800
900
1,700
Unadj. Bal.
AJE
Bal.
Req. 3
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
2,300
1,700
AJE
Bal.
600
Unadj. Bal.Slide46
E8-8 Recording and Reporting Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Using the Percentage of Credit Sales and Aging of Accounts Receivable Methods
Innovative Tech, Inc. (ITI) uses the percentage of credit sales method to estimate bad debts each month and then uses the aging method at year-end. During November 2013, ITI sold services on account for $100,000 and estimated that ½ of one percent of those sales would be uncollectible. At its December 31 year-end, total Accounts Receivable is $89,000, aged as follows: (1) 1–30 days old, $75,000; (2) 31–90 days old, $10,000; and (3) more than 90 days old, $4,000. Experience has shown that for each age group, the average rate of
uncollectibility
is (1) 10 percent, (2) 20 percent, and (3) 40 percent, respectively. Before the end-of-year adjusting entry is made, the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has a $1,600 credit balance at December 31, 2013.
Required:
Prepare the November 2013 adjusting entry for bad debts.
Prepare a schedule to estimate an appropriate year-end balance for the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.
Prepare the December 31, 2013, adjusting entry.
Show how the various accounts related to accounts receivable should be shown on the December 31, 2013, balance sheet.Slide47
E8-8 Recording and Reporting Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Using the Percentage of Credit Sales and Aging of Accounts Receivable Methods
Req. 3
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
1,600
9,500
11,100
Unadj. Bal.
AJE
Bal.
Req. 2
Total
$ 89,000
$ 11,100
>90
$ 4,000
40%
$ 1,600
31-90
$ 10,000
20%
$ 2,000
1 - 30
$ 75,000
10%
$ 7,500
Req. 1
November 30, 2013 AJE
dr Bad Debt Expense (+E, -SE)
cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (+xA, -A)
($500 = $100,000 x 0.005)
500
500Slide48
E8-8 Recording and Reporting Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Using the Percentage of Credit Sales and Aging of Accounts Receivable Methods
Req. 4
The accounts related to the accounts receivable can be shown one of two ways on the December 31, 2013 balance sheet:
OR
Accounts Receivable
Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts Receivable, net of allowance
$ 89,000
(11,100)
$ 77,900
Accounts Receivable, net of Allowance for
Doubtful Accounts of $11,100
$ 77,900Slide49
E8-9 Recording and Determining the Effects of Write-Offs, Recoveries, and Bad Debt Expense Estimates on the Balance Sheet and Income Statement.
Fraud Investigators Inc. operates a fraud detection service.
Required:
Prepare journal entries for each transaction below.
On March 31, 10 customers were billed for detection services totaling $25,000.
On October 31, a customer balance of $1,500 from a prior year was determined to be uncollectible and was written off.
On December 15, a customer paid an old balance of $900, which had been written off in a prior year.
On December 31, $500 of bad debts were estimated and recorded for the year.
2. Complete the following table, indicating the amount and effect ( + for
increase, - for decrease, and NE for no effect) of each transaction. Ignore
income taxes.Slide50
E8-9 Recording and Determining the Effects of Write-Offs, Recoveries, and Bad Debt Expense Estimates on the Balance Sheet and Income Statement.
Req. 1
dr
Accounts Receivable (+A) 25,000
cr
Service Revenue (+R, +SE) 25,000
a.
b.
c.
d.
dr Bad Debt Expense (+E, -SE) 500
cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (+xA, -A) 500
dr
Accounts Receivable (+A) 900
cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (+xA, -A) 900dr
Cash (+A) 900 cr Accounts receivable (-A) 900
dr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (-xA, +A) 1,500
cr Accounts Receivable (-A) 1,500 Slide51
E8-9 Recording and Determining the Effects of Write-Offs, Recoveries, and Bad Debt Expense Estimates on the Balance Sheet and Income Statement.
Req. 2Slide52
CP8-4 Accounting for Accounts and Notes Receivable Transactions
Execusmart
Consultants has provided business consulting services for several years. The company uses the percentage of credit sales method to estimate bad debts for internal monthly reporting purposes. At the end of each quarter, the company adjusts its records using the aging of accounts receivable method. The company entered into the following selected transactions during the first quarter of 2013.
During January, the company provided services for $200,000 on credit.
On January 31, the company estimated bad debts using 1 percent of credit sales.
On February 4, the company collected $100,000 of accounts receivable.
On February 15, the company wrote off a $500 account receivable.
During February, the company provided services for $150,000 on credit.
On February 28, the company estimated bad debts using 1 percent of credit sales.
On March 1, the company loaned $12,000 to an employee who signed a 10% note, due in 3 months.
On March 15, the company collected $500 on the account written off one month earlier.
On March 31, the company accrued interest earned on the note.
On March 31, the company adjusted for uncollectible accounts, based on the aging analysis shown on the next screen. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts has an unadjusted credit balance of $6,000.Slide53
CP8-4 Accounting for Accounts and Notes Receivable Transactions (continued)
Required:
For items a – j, analyze the amount and direction (+ or -) of effects on specific financial statement accounts and the overall accounting equation and prepare journal entries.
Show how the accounts receivable and related accounts would be reported in the current assets section of a classified balance sheet.
Name the accounts related to Accounts Receivable and Notes Receivable that would be reported on the income statement and indicate whether they would appear before, or after, Income from Operations.Slide54
CP8-4 Accounting for Accounts and Notes Receivable Transactions
Req. 1Slide55
CP8-4 Accounting for Accounts and Notes Receivable Transactions
Req. 1Slide56
CP8-4 Accounting for Accounts and Notes Receivable Transactions
Req. 1Slide57
CP8-4 Accounting for Accounts and Notes Receivable Transactions
Req. 1Slide58
CP8-4 Accounting for Accounts and Notes Receivable Transactions
Req. 1Slide59
CP8-4 Accounting for Accounts and Notes Receivable Transactions
Req. 1
Desired $8,390 – Current -$6000 = Adjustment $2,390Slide60
CP8-4 Accounting for Accounts and Notes Receivable Transactions
Req. 2
Execusmart Consultants would report Bad Debt Expense before Income from Operations, and Interest Revenue after Income for Operations.
Req. 3
EXECUSMART CONSULTANTS
Partial Balance Sheet
At March 31, 2013
Assets
Current Assets:
Accounts Receivable
Less: Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowance
Note Receivable
Interest Receivable
$ 90,000
8,390
$ 81,610
12,000
100Slide61
C8-1 Comprehensive Exercise for Recording and Reporting Credit Sales and Bad Debts Using the Aging of Accounts Receivable Method
Okay Optical, Inc. (OOI) began operations in January 2013 selling inexpensive sunglasses to large retailers like Walgreen’s and other smaller stores. Assume the following transactions occurred during its first six months of operations.
January 1
- Sold merchandise to Walgreen’s on account for $20,000; the cost of goods to OOI was $12,000.
February 12
- Received payment in full from Walgreen’s.
March 1
- Sold merchandise to
Bravis
Pharmaco
on account for $3,000; the cost of goods to OOI was $1,400.
April 1
- Sold merchandise to Tony’s Pharmacy on account for $8,000. The cost to OOI was $4,400.May 1 - Sold merchandise to Anjuli Stores on account for $2,000; the cost to OOI was $1,200.June 17 - Received $6,500 on account from Tony’s Pharmacy.Required:Complete an aged listing of customer accounts at June 30.Estimate the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts required at June 30, 2013, assuming the following uncollectible rates: one month, 1 percent; two months, 5 percent; three months, 20 percent; more than three months, 40 percent.
Show how OOI would report its accounts receivable on its June 30 balance sheet. What amounts would be reported on an income statement prepared for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013?Bonus Question: In July 2013, OOI collected the balance due from Bravis Pharmaco but discovered that the balance due from Tony’s Pharmacy needed to be written off. Using this information, determine how accurate OOI was in estimating the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts needed for each of these two customers and in total.Slide62
C8-1 Comprehensive Exercise for Recording and Reporting Credit Sales and Bad Debts Using the Aging of Accounts Receivable Method
Req. 2
Accounts Receivable
Estimated Uncollectible (%)
Estimated Uncollectible ($)
Total
$ 6,500
$ 1,600
>3 months
$ 3,000
40%
$ 1,200
3 months
$ 1,500
20%
$ 300
2 months
$ 2,000
5%$ 100
Req. 1
Customer
Anjuli Stores
Bravis Pharmaco
Tony’s Pharmacy
Walgreens
Total
June
(1 Month)
$ -
>3
Months
$ 3,000
$ 3,000
April
(3 Months)
$ 1,500
$ 1,500
May
(2 Months)
$ 2,000
$ 2,000
Total
$ 2,000
3,000
1,500
-
$ 6,500Slide63
C8-1 Comprehensive Exercise for Recording and Reporting Credit Sales and Bad Debts Using the Aging of Accounts Receivable Method
Req. 3
OKAY OPTICAL, INC.
Partial Balance Sheet
At June 30, 2013
Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowance of $1,600 $4,900
OKAY OPTICAL, INC.
Partial Income Statement
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
Sales Revenue
Cost of Goods Sold
Gross Profit
Bad Debt Expense
Income from Operations
$33,000
19,000
14,000
1,600
$12,400Slide64
C8-1 Comprehensive Exercise for Recording and Reporting Credit Sales and Bad Debts Using the Aging of Accounts Receivable Method
Req. 4
OOI did not accurately estimate the precise amounts that would be collected from each customer, yet the total estimate was reasonably accurate at $1,600. OOI underestimated the amount collectible from Bravis Pharmaco (40% of $3,000, or $1,200, was estimated uncollectible where it later turned out to be collectible in full). It overestimated the amount collectible from Tony’s Pharmacy (20% of $1,500, or $300, was estimated uncollectible where it later turned out to show that $1,500 was uncollectible). Looking at Bravis Pharmaco and Tony’s Pharmacy combined, the estimated bad debt for both customers was $1,500, which is only $100 less than the amount the company wrote off.Slide65
End of Chapter 8